Recent Advances in Fiber Supercapacitors: Materials, Device Configurations, and Applications

Abstract

electronic devices built on planar substrates, textile electronic devices can be integrated into different materials that fit the curved surface of the human body or other nonplanar surfaces. Besides, it can bear deformations in almost all dimensions, making it applicable for long-term usage as minimal disruption can be made on the comfort and daily activities of the wearers. Another attractive feature of textile electronic devices is that, in principle, they are compatible to the conventional textile technology and can be manufactured on a large scale using the textile manufacturing technique, such as the rollto-roll process.Inspired by the exciting potential applications of textile electronic devices in healthcare, communications, environments, sports, security, and so on, in the past several years, many kinds of textile electronic devices have been produced by researchers all over the world, including sensors, solar cells, thermoelectric power generators and nanogenerators, diodes, transistors, circuits, etc. Ideally, these textile electronic devices would be directly woven into cloth and worn on human body for daily usage. As a result, these devices should be of lightweight, stable performance, and can bear deformations for long-term usage.Flexible textile electronic devices require flexible textile/fiber energy storage devices as compatible power suppliers. To match flexible textile electronic devices, the energy storage devices should have similar textile/fiber shapes with excellent flexibility, mechanical stability, light weight and can also bear deformations in all dimensions. Mainly two types of textile/fiber energy storage devices are explored including fiber lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and fiber supercapacitors (SCs). [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] In recent years, LIBs were successfully made into fiber shapes to fit for flexible textile electronic devices. [41] Unfortunately, relatively complicated procedures are needed to fabricate fiber LIBs. Besides, the power densities of fiber LIBs are still quite low for practical applications. Compared with LIBs, supercapacitors offer higher power delivery capability, faster charge/discharge rates, long cycle livers, and bridging functions for the power-energy gap between traditions dielectric capacitors and batteries. These features make SCs ideal power suppliers for wearable and textile electronics.Over the past decades, researches on fiber SCs expanded very fast and great progresses have been achieved. Although several reviews focusing on some special aspects of fiber SCs Fiber supercapacitors (SCs), with their small size and weight, excellent flexibility and deformability, and high capacitance and power density, are recognized as one of the most robust power supplies available for wearable electronics. They can be woven into breathable textiles or integrated into different functional materials to fit curved surfaces for use in day-to-day life. A comprehensive review on recent important development and progress in fiber SCs is pro...

Stretchable Supercapacitors as Emergent Energy Storage Units for Health Monitoring Bioelectronics

“…1D Fiber Configuration: The 1D fiber-like stretchable supercapacitors emerged and developed rapidly in the past a few years, [95][96][97] owing to their lightweight, stretchability, and knittability. .…”

Carbon Dots in Porous Materials: Host–Guest Synergy for Enhanced Performance

“…Supercapacitors (SCs), due to their fast charge/discharge rate,high power density,and long-term cycling stability have been served as apromising candidate for alternative energystorage devices. [47] As electrode materials,e nlarging surface areas and constructing porous structures are essential ways to improve electrochemical capacitances.C Ds with abundant electrons and excellent charge transfer ability are regarded as excellent doping materials on electrode to further promote the energy density of SCs.F or examples,C QDs decorated porous NiCo 2 O 4 spheres were applied as electrode materials. [36a] Benefiting from the porous structure and excellent electronic conductivity of CQDs,the composite acted as "ionbuffering reservoirs" to generate ions and provide fast transport pathways,r esulting in the enhanced capacity of SCs.N otably,G QD doped MnO 2 heterostructural electrode showed high-performance as SCs by Mn À O À Cb onding effect.…”

Suspension of flexible cylinders in laminar liquid flow

“…Fibrous materials are commonplace in a myriad of applications. In the very common form of paper, but also—for example—as reinforced composite materials and for energy storage as “fiber supercapacitors.” Producing such materials often involves stages where solids—in the form of fibers—are suspended in liquid and are transported as a dense two‐phase flow. Flow of dense fiber suspensions is also encountered in biomass conversion where materials of a fibrous nature (e.g., wood, waste from food crops) are processed for energy and materials production .…”