Recent Advances in Epitope Design for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Chiarella, Pieranna; Massi, Emanuela; Robertis, Mariangela De; Fazio, Vito Michele; Signori, Emanuela

doi:10.2174/157489209789206922

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…This strategy has a disadvantage in that it uses a fullprotein immunogen. However, epitope-based vaccines offer the prospect of directional immunity leading to safer and more effective antigen-specific immune responses (Chiarella et al 2009). In this study, we further investigated the anti-fertility potential of the SPINLW1 B-cell epitope in BALB/c mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of specific immune response and suppression of fertility by B-cell-epitope-based mimovirus vaccine

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

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SPINLW1 (previously known as eppin (epididymal protease inhibitor)) is a target under intense scrutiny in the study of male contraceptive vaccines. B-cell-dominant epitopes are now recognized as key parts of the induction of humoral immune responses against target antigens. The generation of robust humoral responses in vivo has become a crucial problem in the development of modern vaccines. In this study, we developed a completely novel B-cell-dominant-epitope-based mimovirus vaccine, which is a kind of virus-size particulate antigen delivery system. The mimovirus successfully self-assembled from a cationic peptide containing a cell-penetrating peptide of TAT 49-57 and a plasmid DNA encoding both three SPINLW1 (103-115) copies and adjuvant C3d3. The male mice were immunized with the epitope-based mimovirus vaccine, which resulted in a gradual elevation of specific serum IgG antibody levels. These reached a peak at week 4. Mating for the fertility assay showed that the mimovirus vaccine had accomplished a moderate fertility inhibition effect and investigation into the mechanism of action showed that it did so by interfering with the reproductive function of the sperm but that it did not damage the structures of the testes or cause serum testosterone to decline. Our results suggest an ideal protocol for suppressing fertility in mice by an engineered mimovirus vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of specific immune response and suppression of fertility by B-cell-epitope-based mimovirus vaccine

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

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“…The experimental design and production of multi-epitope vaccines have improved dramatically in recent years. These vaccines are mainly made up of B-cell, CD 8þ cytolytic T-cell (CTLs) and CD 4þ helper T-cells (HTLs) epitopes (Chiarella et al, 2009). Since the antigenic epitopes of a protein could be predicted and detected, therefore the whole protein is not suitable to stimulate an immune response (Testa & Philip, 2012;Zheng et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse vaccinology approach to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against COVID-19: an in silico study

Enayatkhani

Hassaniazad

Faezi

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

229

205

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At present, novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, the causative agent of COVID-19) has caused worldwide social and economic disruption. The disturbing statistics of this infection promoted us to develop an effective vaccine candidate against the COVID-19. In this study, bioinformatics approaches were employed to design and introduce a novel multi-epitope vaccine against 2019-nCoV that can potentially trigger both CD 4þ and CD 8þ T-cell immune responses and investigated its biological activities by computational tools. Three known antigenic proteins (Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein, hereafter called NOM) from the virus were selected and analyzed for prediction of the potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes and then validated using bioinformatics tools. Based on in silico analysis, we have constructed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (NOM) with five rich-epitopes domain including highly scored T and B-cell epitopes. After predicting and evaluating of the third structure of the protein candidate, the best 3 D predicted model was applied for docking studies with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and HLA-A Ã 11:01. In the next step, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to evaluate the stability of the designed fusion protein with TLR4 and HLA-A Ã 11:01 receptors. MD studies demonstrated that the NOM-TLR4 and NOM-HLA-A Ã 11:01 docked models were stable during simulation time. In silico evaluation showed that the designed chimeric protein could simultaneously elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.

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“…30,31 Multiepitope vaccines that include epitopes of TAAs and angiogenic growth factors have also been tested for cancer vaccination. 32 An obstacle to epitope vaccine design is the polymorphism of HLA class I molecules that together with other proteins in the antigen-processing pathway determine which peptides are displayed on the cell surface. Consequently, a given epitope will only elicit a response in individuals expressing an HLA molecule capable of binding that particular epitope.…”

Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%