Recent advances in engineering montmorillonite into catalysts and related catalysis

Montmorillonite-based materials for electrochemical energy storage

“…6,21,23 After acid etching, abundant pores (macro- and meso-) will be formed in the MMT matrix, leading to a significant increase in the specific surface area and full exposure of the adsorption active sites on the aluminosilicate layers. 24 Cationic exchange, another popular modification method, is usually used to replace the interlamellar cations with Li + , Na + , Zn 2+ , etc ., enabling MMT-based materials to act as an excellent reservoir or conductor of these metal ions. 19 In addition, as MMT possesses an elastic layered structure, the interlayer spacing of MMT can be tuned and enlarged to facilitate ion transport in the EES devices.…”

“…, acid activation, cationic exchange, intercalation, pillar bearing, and surface modification). 23–25 The MMT-based composites are prepared by introducing other components (carbon materials, metallic compounds, conducting polymers, etc .) into the MMT matrix.…”

A practical approach for enhanced biodiesel production using organic modified montmorillonites as efficient heterogeneous hybrid catalysts

“…Importantly, these characteristics enable the possibility for structural adjustment and surface property modification of Mt and have allowed significant progress in catalyzing specific reactions including dehydration, hydrolysis, polymerization, and alkylation through different modification methods, for example, physical crushing, ion exchange, surfactant modification, sulfonic acid functionalization, etc . 10,11…”

Montmorillonite-Based Separator Enables a Long-Life Alkaline Zinc–Iron Flow Battery

“…Montmorillonite with a multilayered structure has extensive applications in gas separation, , batteries, and catalysts because of its tunable layered structure with interlayer ion exchangeability and surface chemistry. In this work, we select montmorillonite (MMT) with high mechanical strength and negatively charged property as a functional coating compounded on the matrix (PS-M) consisting of poly­(ether sulfone) and sulfonated poly­(ether ether ketone) to obtain a montmorillonite composite poly­(ether sulfone) ion-conducting membrane (MMT-M) (Scheme ).…”