Recent Advances in Engineered Ru‐Based Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen/Oxygen Conversion Reactions

Abstract

Figure 6. a,b) Structural simulation and HAADF-STEM of Ru-N/G SACs. c) Fourier transform magnitudes of the experimental Ru K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of the Ru-N/G and other comparative samples.Reproduced with permission. [28] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. d) Structural simulation of Pt-Ru dimer dispersed on NCNT. e) ΔG H* plots for different H coverages. Reproduced with permission. [95] Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. f) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of NiRu 0.13 -BDC by ion-exchange method. g) The simulated charge difference between NiRu 0.13 -BDC and Ni-BDC. Yellow represents charge accumulation and blue represents charge depletion. Reproduced with permission. [96] Copyright 2021, Nature Publishing Group. h) In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of Ru K-edge under OER electrochemical conditions. i) Gibbs free energy diagram during OER process on Ru/CoFe-LDHs. Reproduced with permission.

Creating Atomic Ordering in Electrocatalysis

“…Notably, compared with C-SACs consisting of randomly distributed metal sites, the structure, order, and high atom density of MACs provide additional benefits, such as a simplified reaction mechanism and promoted reaction kinetics. Therefore, MAC is one of the most promising options for nextgeneration catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions (e.g., CO 2 , O 2 , and N 2 , reduction reactions) [73][74][75] as well as vital thermo-catalytic reactions (e.g., CO 2 hydrogenation, alcohol oxidation). [76,77] We expect that MACs will serve as a versatile platform for rationally designing novel active sites with atomic-level precision and that they will accelerate the large-scale deployment of EECSDs.…”

Accelerating redox kinetics by ZIF-67 derived amorphous cobalt phosphide electrocatalyst for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

“…Up to now, a variety of functional materials have been introduced to modify separators for the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. The nanoscale nonpolar carbon material, such as porous carbon spheres, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [19,20] , carbon nanofiber (CNF) [21] , graphene oxide (GO) [22] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon [23,24] , were widely studied as the functional coating to ease the shuttle effect of PSs due to high conductively and specific surface area via physical adsorption [25] . For example, Manthiram's group applied multi-walled CNT to spread on one side of the conventional polypropylene (PP) separator by using a facile vacuum filtration method, the high specific surface area brought by MWCNT provides many adsorption sites for PSs; thus, the Li-S batteries with the modified separator retain 621 mAh g -1 after 300 cycles [26] .…”

A robust strategy to boost the proton transfer of heterogeneous catalysts for efficient and sustainable water oxidation towards practical applications

“…The ever-increasing environmental pollution and energy crisis have stimulated the development of various renewable energy systems or technologies to replace fossil fuels, such as overall water splitting, [1][2][3][4][5] metal-air batteries, 6 and the transformation of carbon dioxide to value-added compounds. 7 However, they all involve a kinetics-retarded electrochemical process, namely oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with multiple proton/electron transfer.…”