Recent Advances in Endodontic Visualization: A Review

Magnification in Endodontics: A review

“…8 This system includes three parts: endoscopic compact system, optical part that includes ocular part and the endoscope, and handpiece with a disposable part. 12 …”

“…Prism loupes provide broader fields of view, wider depths of field and longer working distance. 12 However, they are heavier and more costly due to increased number of lenses.…”

“…It is designed to enable the practitioner to work inside the root canal with magnification and instrument access. 12 The endoscope has a nitinol coating which makes it flexible. 8 This system includes three parts: endoscopic compact system, optical part that includes ocular part and the endoscope, and handpiece with a disposable part.…”

“…The recommendation for surgical endodontic visualization is a 2.7mm lens diameter, a 70º angulation, and a 3 cm long rod-lens and for a non-surgical visualization through an occlussal access opening, a 4mm lens diameter, a 30º angulation, a 4 cm long rod-lens are recommended. 12 Prior to the use of an endoscope, a pair of 2-2.5 X loupes should be used for visualization. The scope cannot provide a discernible image when placed in blood, thus hemostasis of the surgical field must be obtained before the endoscope is used.…”

“…According to their different optical construction: Single Lens Loupe: It comprises of simple magnifying lens, which is a diopter and flat plane. 12 A single lens system is made up of one object and one convex, positive, light-converging lens. An image of object is formed when light travels from the object and reaches the lens, which then focuses the light from the object.…”