Recent Advances in Electrochemical, Photochemical, and Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO₂ to C₂₊ Products

Abstract

C 2+ through a single process via the CO 2 reduction reaction. Thus, this review focuses on C 2+ products generated through CO 2 ECRR, PCRR, and PECRR.

Emerging Single-Atom Catalysts and Nanomaterials for Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Value-Added Products: A Review of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

“…There are numerous ways of transforming CO 2 to valuable products, viz., thermocatalysis, − biocatalysis, , radiolysis, , and photochemical (PC), − electrochemical (EC) − and photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques. − The PC technique involves incorporating renewable solar energy for transforming CO 2 to produce valuable products. In contrast to the PEC process, it does not require any external potential bias and can be performed under ambient pressure and temperature conditions . The PC operation includes the absorption of CO 2 molecules at the surface of the photocatalytic composite, wherein the phenomena involving the reduction reaction of CO 2 occur in the presence of photogenerated electrons .…”

“…In contrast to the PC technique, the PEC process involves the combined characteristics of the EC and PC techniques. Although several PEC reactor configurations have been employed, they can be classified broadly into two types . Type-I configuration consists of one metal electrode and another photoelectrode, normally a photocathode of a p-type semiconductor or a photoanode of an n-type semiconductor.…”

“…In contrast to the PEC process, it does not require any external potential bias and can be performed under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. 47 The PC operation includes the absorption of CO 2 molecules at the surface of the photocatalytic composite, wherein the phenomena involving the reduction reaction of CO 2 occur in the presence of photogenerated electrons. 48 Simultaneously, water oxidation occurs by an equal number of holes generated.…”

“…Although several PEC reactor configurations have been employed, they can be classified broadly into two types. 47 Type-I configuration consists of one metal electrode and another photoelectrode, normally a photocathode of a p-type semiconductor or a photoanode of an n-type semiconductor. Type-II configuration consists of a PEC set up comprising both photoanode and photocathode.…”

Regulating the Electronic Structure of Bismuth Nanosheets by Titanium Doping to Boost CO2 Electroreduction and Zn–CO2 Batteries

“…into stable chemical energy sources. [4,5] Among many reduction products of E-CO 2 RR, formate/formic acid plays an irreplaceable role in the industrial synthesis, hydrogen storage carrier, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. [6,7] Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated that high-efficiency formate electrocatalysts can be employed as cathodes of high-safety and inexpensive aqueous Zn-CO 2 batteries.…”