Recent Advances in Drug Release, Sensing, and Cellular Uptake of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Derived Poly(olefins)

Abstract

The synthesis and applications of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) derived poly(olefins) have emerged as an exciting area of great interest in the field of biomaterials science. The major focus of this mini-review is to present recent advances in the synthesis of functional materials using ROMP-derived poly(olefins) utilized for drug release, sensing, and cellular uptake in the past seven years (2015–2022). This review reveals that materials synthesized by ROMP-derived well-defined functional poly(olefins) stand to be highly promising systems for medical as well as biological studies. Thus, this review may prove to be beneficial for the design and development of new smart and flexible-functionality ROMP-based polymeric materials for various biological applications.

Approaching Tryptophan-Derived Polynorbornene Fluorescent Chemosensors: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sensing Ability for Biomedical Applications as Biomarkers for Detecting Fe2+ Ions

“…ROMP has emerged as a robust method for the development of polymer-based fluorescent chemosensors, positioning them as potential intelligent sensors capable of recognizing heavy and transition metal ions in diverse settings, including the environment, human body, and biological cell imaging. , These polymeric chemosensors are primarily composed of norbornene monomers with pendant fluorophore moieties, such as pyrene, rhodamine, , quinolone, carbazole, and 8-hydroxyquinoline . They exhibit fluorescence turn-off/on or on/off mechanisms, along with selective sensing capabilities for various metal ions, including Cu 2+ , Hg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Al 3+ , anions, and explosive vapor.…”

The synthesis of polymers with ultra‐high molecular weight by combining ROMP and acyclic metathesis reaction

“…Numerous studies have been done around norbornene derivatives, such as polymerization mechanism, 15,16 the effect of monomer stereochemistry and composition on the ROMP polymerization, [15][16][17][18] the optimization of polymerization conditions, [19][20][21][22][23] the preparation and application of functional polymers based on polynorbornene derivatives. 5,6,[11][12][13][14][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] However, linear polymers with ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) (>10 6 g mol À1 ) were difficulty prepared by ROMP directly owing to the restrictions of monomer stereochemistry, composition, purity, and polymerization conditions. Because the molecular weight has an important impact on the morphology and properties of polymer, 32,33 lots of strategies were took to elevate the molecular weight of polymer prepared by ROMP, such as using frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP), 22 adopting special chelated Initiators, 34 prolonging polymerization time, 35 and cross-linking.…”

“…Among those cyclic alkenes, norbornene derivatives are one of the most polpular monomers because of the high activity, easy preparation, and easy functionalization. Numerous studies have been done around norbornene derivatives, such as polymerization mechanism, 15,16 the effect of monomer stereochemistry and composition on the ROMP polymerization, 15–18 the optimization of polymerization conditions, 19–23 the preparation and application of functional polymers based on polynorbornene derivatives 5,6,11–14,24–31 . However, linear polymers with ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMW) (>10 6 g mol −1 ) were difficulty prepared by ROMP directly owing to the restrictions of monomer stereochemistry, composition, purity, and polymerization conditions.…”

7-Oxa-2,3-diazanorbornene (ODAN): A One-Step Accessible Monomer for Living ROMP to Produce Backbone-Biodegradable Polymers

“…[6][7] Olefin metathesis reactions, especially ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions using commercially available Ru-based precatalysts, are highly versatile approaches for synthesizing functionalized macromolecular materials with diverse applications ranging from drug delivery to large-scale engineering plastics. [8][9][10][11] The ROMP reactions that feature living polymerization characteristics enable the precise control of polymer architectures, such as linear, block, bottlebrush, and star shapes. [12][13] ROMP polymers are intrinsically degradable due to the presence of alkenes that are cleavable under metathesis and strong oxidation conditions.…”