Recent advances in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC)

Yu, Xingwen; Pickup, Peter G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.075

Cited by 1,052 publications

(674 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Fuel cells powered by small organic molecules (SOMs) such as methanol, ethanol and formic acid have rapidly progressed due to rising energy demands, depletion of fuel reserves and environmental pollution issues [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on SOMs are promising, in particular, for application in portable electronic devices [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on SOMs are promising, in particular, for application in portable electronic devices [1,2]. Among SOMs, formic acid has gained special interest as a fuel for direct formic acid fuels cells (DFAFC), because of good power densities, high performance at relatively low temperature [7], and lower crossover rate through the Nafion membranes compared with methanol [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bismuth‐Coated Mesoporous Platinum Microelectrodes as Sensors for Formic Acid Detection

2011

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Mesoporous platinum microeletrodes (MPtEs) modified by sub-monolayers of irreversibly adsorbed bismuth (BiMPtE) were investigated for their potential use as sensors for the detection of formic acid in direct formic acid fuel cells. The mesoporous platinum films were prepared by electrodeposition of platinum on Pt microdisks substrates 25 mm diameter, from hexachloroplatinic acid dissolved in the aqueous domain of the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase of octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether. The roughness factor (RF) of the MPtEs was about two orders of magnitude greater than those of the corresponding polished microelectrodes. Bismuth ad-atoms onto the platinum surface were deposited by under potential deposition from 1 mM Bi 3 + ions in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solutions. The catalytic activity of a series of Bi-MPtEs, characterized by different roughness and fractional bismuth coverage (q Bi ), towards the oxidation of HCOOH, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and potential step experiments. Compared to MPtEs, Bi-MPtEs displayed enhanced electrooxidation currents at lower potentials. The stability of irreversibly adsorbed bismuth, and consequently the Bi-MPtEs catalytic activity, was found to depend on the high potential limit employed in the measurements. In general, both electrode stability and electrocatalytic performance were good, provided that the operational potential was kept 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Bi-MPtEs with q Bi > 0.3 provided almost sigmoidal shaped waves with low hysteresis, as those expected for microelectrodes working under steady state. The effect of concentration of HCOOH was investigated over the range 0.01-5 M, and linearity between current and concentration depended on both roughness factor and bismuth coverage. A Bi-MPtE characterised by RF = 210 and q Bi ! 0.6 provided linearity up to 2 M of formic acid. Reproducibility of the sensors was within 2 % (RSD). The same sensor, under the optimized experimental conditions, could be employed for at least two months with negligible loss of the initial performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth‐Coated Mesoporous Platinum Microelectrodes as Sensors for Formic Acid Detection

2011

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“…The DFAFCs facilitates lower crossover flux through the electrolyte membrane than that of methanol, faster electrochemical kinetics due to the smaller molecular size than methanol, and non-toxicity [4]. In addition, it has many advantages, such as a low emission of pollutants, high energy density, and the aptitude to utilize liquid fuel that is more readily stored and transported than hydrogen fuel [5,6]. Moreover, a DFAFC has a higher theoretical cell potential (1.48 V), exhibiting a higher voltage output compared to that in a methanol (1.21 V) and gaseous hydrogen cell (1.23 V), respectively [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it has many advantages, such as a low emission of pollutants, high energy density, and the aptitude to utilize liquid fuel that is more readily stored and transported than hydrogen fuel [5,6]. Moreover, a DFAFC has a higher theoretical cell potential (1.48 V), exhibiting a higher voltage output compared to that in a methanol (1.21 V) and gaseous hydrogen cell (1.23 V), respectively [5,7]. Therefore, DFAFCs are expected to supply higher power density than DMFCs at ambient temperature, which is preferable for portable devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and One-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of Different Operating Parameters in Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The purpose of this work is to develop a one-dimensional mathematical model for predicting the cell performance of a direct formic acid fuel cell and compare this with experimental results. The predicted model can be applied to direct formic acid fuel cells operated with different formic acid concentrations, temperatures, and with various electrolytes. Tafel kinetics at the electrodes, thermodynamic equations for formic acid solutions, and the mass-transport parameters of the reactants are used to predict the effective diffusion coefficients of the reactants (oxygen and formic acid) in the porous gas diffusion layers and the associated limiting current densities to ensure the accuracy of the model. This model allows us to estimate fuel cell polarization curves for a wide range of operating conditions. Furthermore, the model is validated with experimental results from operating at 1-5 M of formic acid feed at 30-80 • C, and with Nafion-117 and silane-crosslinked sulfonated poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) (sSEBS) membrane electrolytes reinforced in porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The cell potential and power densities of experimental outcomes in direct formic acid fuel cells can be adequately predicted using the developed model.

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“…Direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) are considered promising power sources of clean and environment-friendly energy for miniature and portable electronic devices because of excellent OPEN ACCESS performance, such as high power density [1,2]. The direct formic acid fuel cell has a theoretical open circuit potential of 1.48 V, higher than that of direct methanol fuel cell (1.18 V) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sb Surface Modification of Pd by Mimetic Underpotential Deposition for Formic Acid Oxidation

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The newly proposed mimetic underpotential deposition (MUPD) technique was extended to modify Pd surfaces with Sb through immersing a Pd film electrode or dispersing Pd/C powder in a Sb(III)-containing solution blended with ascorbic acid (AA). The introduction of AA shifts down the open circuit potential of Pd substrate available to achieve suitable Sb modification. The electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability towards HCOOH electrooxidation of the Sb modified Pd surfaces (film electrode or powder catalyst) by MUPD is superior than that of unmodified Pd and Sb modified Pd surfaces by conventional UPD method. The enhancement of electrocatalytic performance is due to the third body effect and electronic effect, as well as bi-functional mechanism induced by Sb modification which result in increased resistance against CO poisoning.

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Recent advances in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC)

Cited by 1,052 publications

References 75 publications

Bismuth‐Coated Mesoporous Platinum Microelectrodes as Sensors for Formic Acid Detection

Bismuth‐Coated Mesoporous Platinum Microelectrodes as Sensors for Formic Acid Detection

Experimental and One-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of Different Operating Parameters in Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells

Sb Surface Modification of Pd by Mimetic Underpotential Deposition for Formic Acid Oxidation

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