Recent Advances in Digital Multimedia Tampering Detection for Forensics Analysis

Abstract

In the digital multimedia era, digital forensics is becoming an emerging area of research thanks to the large amount of image and video files generated. Ensuring the integrity of such media is of great importance in many situations. This task has become more complex, especially with the progress of symmetrical and asymmetrical network structures which make their authenticity difficult. Consequently, it is absolutely imperative to discover all possible modes of manipulation through the development of new forensics detector tools. Although many solutions have been developed, tamper-detection performance is far from reliable and it leaves this problem widely open for further investigation. In particular, many types of multimedia fraud are difficult to detect because some evidences are not exploited. For example, the symmetry and asymmetry inconsistencies related to visual feature properties are potential when applied at multiple scales and locations. We explore here this topic and propose an understandable soft taxonomy and a deep overview of the latest research concerning multimedia forgery detection. Then, an in-depth discussion and future directions for further investigation are provided. This work offers an opportunity for researchers to understand the current active field and to help them develop and evaluate their own image/video forensics approaches.

Research Trends, Challenges, and Emerging Topics in Digital Forensics: A Review of Reviews

“…More recently, the advent of deep learning techniques has enhanced the capabilities of image integrity detection and verification, outperforming traditional methods in several image-related tasks, especially in these where anti-forensic tools were used [109], [110], [115]. In the context of video files, we can find surveys on video steganalysis [109], [110], [116], video forgery detection [91], [92], [94], [110], [117], [118], video forensic tools [91], [109], [119], [120], video surveillance analysis [121], [122], and video content authentication [123]. Finally, digital audio forensics has also been studied in [124].…”

“…Standardized evaluation procedures and benchmarks [90], [94]- [96], [98], [100], [101], [104], [109]- [114], [116], [117], [123] Explore the use of novel AI methods and novel data types [88], [91], [93], [95], [99], [100], [103], [104], [106], [107], [109], [110], [112], [113], [115], [118], [121]- [124] Robust pre-processing and feature extraction [90], [91], [94], [97], [99], [101], [102], [105], [106], [109], [115], [117], [118], [121], [123], [124] Reduce training and data acquisition overheads [89], [91]…”

Comprehensive analyses of image forgery detection methods from traditional to deep learning approaches: an evaluation

“…These are two techniques used in active forensic techniques to inject legitimate information into images. When there is a doubt regarding the validity of a picture, the embedded authentication information is retrieved to establish the image’s authenticity [ 7 ]. It is followed by the limitation of multiple processing steps of digital images.…”

“…Two incidences of image forgery are discussed in Figs. 1 [ 90 ] and 2 [ 7 ] and are included here to describe the severity of the issue (Fig. 2 ).…”

MF-Ledger: Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth-Enabled Novel and Secure Multimedia Chain of Custody Forensic Investigation Architecture

“…Another challenge is the complexity of hiding innumerable types of digital information in a carrier signal over multimedia systems causing the carrier's channel's to prove their authenticity and validity during a cyber incident [7]. Furthermore, the remote evidence acquisition process itself is highly vulnerable while collecting digital evidence from different sources on the network including handling data nodes from an entry point of discovery to evidence remote data recovery, reconstruction, and verification [8,9]. This traditional layered process is considered insecure, while collecting, preserving, and storing the digital evidence [10].…”