Recent Advances in Developing Treatments of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus-Related Diseases

Naimo, Eleonora; Zischke, Jasmin; Schulz, Thomas F.

doi:10.3390/v13091797

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…These results indicate that specifically inhibiting EphA2 might be an effective strategy in this cancer therapy. The discovery of EphA2 as an EBV epithelial cell receptor has implications for EBV pathogenesis and may uncover new potential targets that can be used for the development of novel therapeutically strategies [ 64 ].…”

Section: Therapeutics Treatments In Ebv- and -Kshv-infected Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adverse effects include fevers, rigors, and hypotension. To this aim, to decrease the side effect in patients, new antiviral strategies are being studied, which highlight nanosystem approaches [ 64 ].…”

Section: Therapeutics Treatments In Ebv- and -Kshv-infected Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystallographic studies of the DNA-binding sequence of the EBNA1 protein revealed that this region has two structural domains: i) a core domain for EBNA1 dimerization (and a sequence-specific DNA interaction); and ii) a flanking domain for DNA contact. Many studies have demonstrated that the combination of four compounds (SC7, SC11, SC19, and SC27) targeting this region reduce EBNA1 activity [ 64 ].…”

Section: Therapeutics Treatments In Ebv- and -Kshv-infected Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology Frontiers in γ-Herpesviruses Treatments

Granato

2021

IJMS

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Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus (KSHV) are γ-herpesviruses that belong to the Herpesviridae family. EBV infections are linked to the onset and progression of several diseases, such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and lymphoproliferative malignancies arising in post-transplanted patients (PTDLs). KSHV, an etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), displays primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Many therapeutics, such as bortezomib, CHOP cocktail medications, and natural compounds (e.g., quercetin or curcumin), are administrated to patients affected by γ-herpesvirus infections. These drugs induce apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting the proliferative and cell cycle progression in these malignancies. In the last decade, many studies conducted by scientists and clinicians have indicated that nanotechnology and nanomedicine could improve the outcome of several treatments in γ-herpesvirus-associated diseases. Some drugs are entrapped in nanoparticles (NPs) expressed on the surface area of polyethylene glycol (PEG). These NPs move to specific tissues and exert their properties, releasing therapeutics in the cell target. To treat EBV- and KSHV-associated diseases, many studies have been performed in vivo and in vitro using virus-like particles (VPLs) engineered to maximize antigen and epitope presentations during immune response. NPs are designed to improve therapeutic delivery, avoiding dissolving the drugs in toxic solvents. They reduce the dose-limiting toxicity and reach specific tissue areas. Several attempts are ongoing to synthesize and produce EBV vaccines using nanosystems.

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Section: Therapeutics Treatments In Ebv- and -Kshv-infected Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutics Treatments In Ebv- and -Kshv-infected Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutics Treatments In Ebv- and -Kshv-infected Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology Frontiers in γ-Herpesviruses Treatments

Granato

2021

IJMS

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“…Gamma herpesvirus human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), was subsequently found to be associated with the development of KS in 1994 ( 1 ). Later, HHV-8 was recognized to be linked with other lymphoproliferative diseases, such as multicentric Castleman disease and primary effusion lymphoma, and to be a cause of bone marrow suppression ( 2 ). HHV-8 could become latent due to its complex interference with the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Zhou

Shang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Disseminated visceral Kaposi sarcoma (KS) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare but life-threatening posttransplant complication. A suitable management strategy for disseminated KS involvement in transplant patients is unclear. Here, we reported a patient who developed disseminated visceral KS following HSCT, which was the first detailed report documenting the relationship among KS development, delayed immune reconstitution, and HHV-8 DNA levels by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The HHV-8 viral load peaked at 2071 sequence reads with an absolute lymphocyte count of 0.17×109/L on day +242. On day +536, the HHV-8 viral load became undetectable, with an absolute lymphocyte count of 1.06×109/L and the KS disappearance. HHV-8 load in blood detected by mNGS may be used as an early prediction marker for KS, a guide for early withdrawal of immunosuppression, and a tool to monitor KS treatment response in the setting of HSCT, especially in patients with CMV-seropositive or graft failure postengraftment. Through whole-exome sequencing, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the patient’s longer latency of haematopoietic or immune reconstitution and recurrent infections. Germline mutations in the FANCI and RAD51 genes might impair the patient’s DNA repair ability, leading to a degree of immunodeficiency and tumour susceptibility. We strongly recommended evaluating the clinical history of the donor and investigating whether there were possible germline mutations suspected for immunodeficiency or familial neoplasms. Disseminated visceral KS patients could likely benefit from chemotherapy, especially if the disease appears to be aggressive.

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“…In this Special Issue, we begin with the mundane, the currently applicable anti-herpes simplex drug market [ 17 , 18 ]; these articles cover the pharmaceutical armaments available today to deal with recurrent HSV outbreaks. Current treatments for Kaposi’s sarcoma are addressed, especially drugs that combat the cancer itself [ 19 ]. We also present information on the search for novel antiherpetics [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] to combat infection with other human herpesviruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%