Recent Advances in Designing Electroconductive Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Implantable cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels are among the most promising therapies for cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction. Incorporating electrical conductivity into these patches and hydrogels is found to be an efficient method to improve cardiac tissue function. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, gold nanorod, as well as conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate are appealing because they possess the electroconductive properties of semiconductors with ease of processing and have potential to restore electrical signaling propagation through the infarct area. Numerous studies have utilized these materials for regeneration of biological tissues that possess electrical activities, such as cardiac tissue. In this review, recent studies on the use of electroconductive materials for cardiac tissue engineering and their fabrication methods are summarized. Moreover, recent advances in developing electroconductive materials for delivering therapeutic agents as one of emerging approaches for treating heart diseases and regenerating damaged cardiac tissues are highlighted.

Collagen Hydrogel Containing Polyethylenimine‐Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Release and Enhanced Beating Properties of Engineered Cardiac Tissues

“…[ 5 ] Notably, electrically conductive biohybrid systems provide an environment to facilitate the propagation of intercellular electrical signals. [ 6 ] Different electroconductive materials, including nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and polymers have been used in tissue engineering applications. [ 7 ] We have previously shown that introducing electroconductive materials facilitates intercellular communications, enhances cardiomyocyte maturation, and improves the beating properties of engineered cardiac tissues.…”

Deep Learning Enabled Early Predicting Cardiovascular Status Using Highly Sensitive Piezoelectric Sensor of Solution‐Processable Nylon‐11

“…They are supposed to be superior for the fabrication of electronic devices in contrast to inorganic materials in view of their flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility features. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Piezoelectricity-based flexible sensors have numerous advantages over the existing technologies such as photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) as piezoelectricity-based sensors are self-powered, easy to fabricate, cost-effective, confirmable with the skin, and it provides direct measurements of the physiological events with greater sensitivity.Among the several piezoelectric polymers, odd-nylons (e.g., nylon-11) are treated as one of the best suitable materials for Cardiovascular diseases are found as one of the major cause of deaths globally, these can be reduced substantially if early-stage detection and intervention is possible. Regular monitoring of the arterial pulse is one of the possible solutions, however, existing technologies have put limitations, due instability in continuous monitoring, lack of information in real-time recording of cardiovascular parameters and bulky instruments.…”

“…They are supposed to be superior for the fabrication of electronic devices in contrast to inorganic materials in view of their flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility features. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Piezoelectricity-based flexible sensors have numerous advantages over the existing technologies such as photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) as piezoelectricity-based sensors are self-powered, easy to fabricate, cost-effective, confirmable with the skin, and it provides direct measurements of the physiological events with greater sensitivity.…”

Smart stimuli-responsive polysaccharide nanohydrogels for drug delivery: a review

“…Nanotechnologies, encompassing focused administration of drugs, heat treatment, light-based assays, light-induced therapy, and tissue engineering, have been considered to be encouraging methodologies to tackle the drawbacks of existing techniques. 2,3 These advancements hold promise in providing potential solutions to surmount these obstacles.…”