Recent Advances in Confining Polyoxometalates and the Applications

Abstract

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are widely used in catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and other research fields due to their unique acidity, photothermal, and redox features. However, the leaching and agglomeration problems of POMs greatly limit their practical applications. Confining POMs in a host material is an efficient tool to address the above‐mentioned issues. POM@host materials have received extensive attention in recent years. They not only inherent characteristics of POMs and host, but also play a significant synergistic effect from each component. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development and applications of POM@host materials. Different types of host materials are elaborated in detail, including tubular, layered, and porous materials. Variations in the structures and properties of POMs and hosts before and after confinement are highlighted as well. In addition, an overview of applications for the representative POM@host materials in electrochemical, catalytic, and biological fields is provided. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of POM@host composites are discussed.

Anisotropic Growth of One-Dimensional Carbides in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Strong Interaction for Catalysis

“…One-dimensional heterostructures coupled with SWCNTs have attracted tremendous attention recently. − The use of CNTs as hosts has been widely demonstrated to encapsulate various guests in the cavity, such as molecules, − clusters, − picoperovskites, , and unusual atomic chains/crystals. ,− These fascinating findings have elaborately clarified the templating and shielding effects, allowing access to the unseen crystal structures ,, and dynamic events, ,,,− and improving electrical performance. − Moreover, the monolayer of graphite carbon of SWCNTs has also been proved to be transparent to the inner guests, which enables the guests to modulate the electronic surface structure of SWCNTs through host–guest charge communication. ,, However, the highly carbophilic metals such as W and Mo which tend to exhibit strong metal–carbon interactions , were rarely studied previously. The strong carbide-formatting elements (W, Mo) could exhibit strong interactions with carbon and result in a considerable charge communication with the host SWCNTs, providing a nondestructive way to homogeneously modify the electronic surface of SWCNTs.…”

An organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxoniobate decorated by a Co(iii)-amine complex for electrocatalytic urea splitting

“…It is well known that the catalytic activity of clusters is highly susceptible to their low stability in water or under reaction conditions. 28 Due to their strong adhesion to the electrode surface, the bubbles produced during the gas reaction tend to accelerate the detachment of active chemicals from the electrode surface, making it difficult to achieve high catalytic activity. 29–31 In order to improve the catalytic activity of clusters, grafting metal complexes onto polyoxometalates (POMs) at the molecular level has been proposed as an effective alternative.…”

Surface Adsorption of Amorphous Phosphate on RuNi-Doped Molybdate for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

“…Based on the above findings, we propose the synthesis of a metal-doped oxoanion composite, which combines the benefits of low-content metal doping and oxoanions, as an ideal candidate for HER. Additionally, phosphomolybdic acid (PMo 12 ), a classical Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM), is a polyoxoanion formed by transition metal of Mo and heteroatom of P bridged by O coordination in a specific structure. − Due to the unique advantages of precise structure, water solubility, and certain acidity, PMo 12 is conducive to preparing molybdates with uniform morphologies and tunable electronic structures …”