Recent Advances in Confining Polyoxometalates and the Applications

Abstract

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are widely used in catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and other research fields due to their unique acidity, photothermal, and redox features. However, the leaching and agglomeration problems of POMs greatly limit their practical applications. Confining POMs in a host material is an efficient tool to address the above‐mentioned issues. POM@host materials have received extensive attention in recent years. They not only inherent characteristics of POMs and host, but also play a significant synergistic effect from each component. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development and applications of POM@host materials. Different types of host materials are elaborated in detail, including tubular, layered, and porous materials. Variations in the structures and properties of POMs and hosts before and after confinement are highlighted as well. In addition, an overview of applications for the representative POM@host materials in electrochemical, catalytic, and biological fields is provided. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of POM@host composites are discussed.

Construction and proton conductivity of a POM-based compound based on different isomers of [Mo 8 O 26 ] 4− ions

“…This remarkable performance can be comparable to the most famous POM crystalline proton conductors and covalent organic frameworks. 47,48…”

Construction and proton conductivity of a POM-based compound based on different isomers of [Mo 8 O 26 ] 4− ions

“…This remarkable performance can be comparable to the most famous POM crystalline proton conductors and covalent organic frameworks. 47,48…”

Hierarchically Structured Nanocomposites via Mixed-Graft Block Copolymer Templating: Achieving Controlled Nanostructure and Functionality

“…However, their applications in catalysis, ion conduction, sensing, and energy conversion often encounter challenges associated with activity loss resulting from aggregation and precipitation under working conditions. While depositing POMs onto various substrates has proven effective, , introducing them through mGBCP coassembly offers an enhanced level of dispersion control, enabling precise enrichment within specific nanodomains of diverse hierarchical structures.…”

Polyoxometalates for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide and its derivatives: from novel structures to functional applications

“…50,51 However, the practical application of POMs is often hindered by challenges related to their instability and tendency to agglomerate. 50,52 Furthermore, POMs often have low specific surface areas, further reducing their catalytic reactivity. 53 To address these challenges, developing POM-based composites has emerged as a promising strategy to broaden their applicability.…”

“…Common restraint materials include one-dimensional tubular structures, two-dimensional layered materials, and three-dimensional porous materials. 52 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a typical example of tubular carriers, where electrostatic interactions confine POMs within the CNTs, modulating their electronic properties and enhancing POM conductivity. 64,65 In layered materials, the large surface area facilitates a uniform distribution of POMs, minimizing aggregation and increasing the availability of active sites.…”

“…within the pristine pores or channels of the host material. 52 This strategy effectively prevents the loss of active components while promoting the homogeneous dispersion of the guest species. Such composites not only maintain the individual advantages of each component but also benefit from synergistic interactions that enhance performance and widen application possibilities.…”

Construction and proton conductivity of a POM-based compound based on different isomers of [Mo 8 O 26 ] 4− ions

“…This remarkable performance can be comparable to the most famous POM crystalline proton conductors and covalent organic frameworks. 47,48…”

Hierarchically Structured Nanocomposites via Mixed-Graft Block Copolymer Templating: Achieving Controlled Nanostructure and Functionality

“…However, their applications in catalysis, ion conduction, sensing, and energy conversion often encounter challenges associated with activity loss resulting from aggregation and precipitation under working conditions. While depositing POMs onto various substrates has proven effective, , introducing them through mGBCP coassembly offers an enhanced level of dispersion control, enabling precise enrichment within specific nanodomains of diverse hierarchical structures.…”

Polyoxometalates for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide and its derivatives: from novel structures to functional applications

“…50,51 However, the practical application of POMs is often hindered by challenges related to their instability and tendency to agglomerate. 50,52 Furthermore, POMs often have low specific surface areas, further reducing their catalytic reactivity. 53 To address these challenges, developing POM-based composites has emerged as a promising strategy to broaden their applicability.…”

“…Common restraint materials include one-dimensional tubular structures, two-dimensional layered materials, and three-dimensional porous materials. 52 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a typical example of tubular carriers, where electrostatic interactions confine POMs within the CNTs, modulating their electronic properties and enhancing POM conductivity. 64,65 In layered materials, the large surface area facilitates a uniform distribution of POMs, minimizing aggregation and increasing the availability of active sites.…”

“…within the pristine pores or channels of the host material. 52 This strategy effectively prevents the loss of active components while promoting the homogeneous dispersion of the guest species. Such composites not only maintain the individual advantages of each component but also benefit from synergistic interactions that enhance performance and widen application possibilities.…”

Construction and proton conductivity of a POM-based compound based on different isomers of [Mo 8 O 26 ] 4− ions

“…This remarkable performance can be comparable to the most famous POM crystalline proton conductors and covalent organic frameworks. 47,48…”

Hierarchically Structured Nanocomposites via Mixed-Graft Block Copolymer Templating: Achieving Controlled Nanostructure and Functionality

“…However, their applications in catalysis, ion conduction, sensing, and energy conversion often encounter challenges associated with activity loss resulting from aggregation and precipitation under working conditions. While depositing POMs onto various substrates has proven effective, , introducing them through mGBCP coassembly offers an enhanced level of dispersion control, enabling precise enrichment within specific nanodomains of diverse hierarchical structures.…”

Polyoxometalates for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide and its derivatives: from novel structures to functional applications

“…50,51 However, the practical application of POMs is often hindered by challenges related to their instability and tendency to agglomerate. 50,52 Furthermore, POMs often have low specific surface areas, further reducing their catalytic reactivity. 53 To address these challenges, developing POM-based composites has emerged as a promising strategy to broaden their applicability.…”

“…Common restraint materials include one-dimensional tubular structures, two-dimensional layered materials, and three-dimensional porous materials. 52 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a typical example of tubular carriers, where electrostatic interactions confine POMs within the CNTs, modulating their electronic properties and enhancing POM conductivity. 64,65 In layered materials, the large surface area facilitates a uniform distribution of POMs, minimizing aggregation and increasing the availability of active sites.…”

“…within the pristine pores or channels of the host material. 52 This strategy effectively prevents the loss of active components while promoting the homogeneous dispersion of the guest species. Such composites not only maintain the individual advantages of each component but also benefit from synergistic interactions that enhance performance and widen application possibilities.…”