Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications

Zhu, Tianxue; Ni, Yimeng; Biesold, Gill M.; Cheng, Yan; Ge, Mingzheng; Li, Huaqiong; Huang, Jianying; Lin, Zhiqun; Lai, Yuekun

doi:10.1039/d2cs00173j

Cited by 244 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 297 publications

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“…Owing to the possibility to configure the properties by changing their structure, hydrogels have opened new opportunities in the development of high-performance technologies and devices with high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting and treating diabetes. Conductive hydrogels have become promising candidates for the development of electronic devices, such as sensors, actuators, soft electronics or bioelectronic devices, due to their biocompatibility, electrical responsiveness, and biomimetic features [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Design of Phenylboronic Acid-Based Glucose-Sensitive Hydrogels

Morariu¹

2023

Polymers

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Diabetes, characterized by an uncontrolled blood glucose level, is the main cause of blindness, heart attack, stroke, and lower limb amputation. Glucose-sensitive hydrogels able to release hypoglycemic drugs (such as insulin) as a response to the increase of the glucose level are of interest for researchers, considering the large number of diabetes patients in the world (537 million in 2021, reported by the International Diabetes Federation). Considering the current growth, it is estimated that, up to 2045, the number of people with diabetes will increase to 783 million. The present work reviews the recent developments on the hydrogels based on phenylboronic acid and its derivatives, with sensitivity to glucose, which can be suitable candidates for the design of insulin delivery systems. After a brief presentation of the dynamic covalent bonds, the design of glucose-responsive hydrogels, the mechanism by which the hypoglycemic drug release is achieved, and their self-healing capacity are presented and discussed. Finally, the conclusions and the main aspects that should be addressed in future research are shown.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Design of Phenylboronic Acid-Based Glucose-Sensitive Hydrogels

Morariu¹

2023

Polymers

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“…By incorporating conducting components into hydrogel matrices, conductive hydrogels can be constructed. Electronic conductive hydrogels have been prepared by embedding different electronic conductive materials (such as conductive polymers [ 3 ], metal nanoparticles/nanowires [ 4 ], liquid metals [ 5 ], MXenes [ 6 , 7 ], and carbon-based materials [ 8 ]) into the hydrogel matrix. Despite their potential advantages, inorganic materials often exhibit distinct chemical and mechanical properties compared to biological tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Self-Powered Tactile Sensors Based on Ionic Hydrogels

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2023

Gels

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Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with excellent flexibility. In recent years, ionic hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in the development of tactile sensors owing to their unique properties, such as ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. These features enable ionic hydrogel-based tactile sensors with exceptional performance in detecting human body movement and identifying external stimuli. Currently, there is a pressing demand for the development of self-powered tactile sensors that integrate ionic conductors and portable power sources into a single device for practical applications. In this paper, we introduce the basic properties of ionic hydrogels and highlight their application in self-powered sensors working in triboelectric, piezoionic, ionic diode, battery, and thermoelectric modes. We also summarize the current difficulty and prospect the future development of ionic hydrogel self-powered sensors.

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“…A platform that can measure both characteristics would provide a more comprehensive assessment of tissue function. In recent years, conductive hydrogels have been developed and used in the biosensing field because of their distinct properties, such as electrical conductivity and tissue friendly mechanical properties [ 37 ]. These extraordinary properties enable conductive hydrogel-based sensors to demonstrate high performance for recognizing stimuli and detecting movement [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%