Recent advances in catalytic conversion of biomass to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2, 5-dimethylfuran

Mechanistic understanding of humin formation in the conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid

“…[8][9][10] 5-HMF and its derivatives offer the potential to replace an array of compounds derived from fossil fuels, enabling biomass to be a viable feedstock for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals. [11][12][13] Especially, 2,5furandicarboxylic acid, the oxidation product of 5-HMF, is an alternative of puried terephthalic acid (PTA) monomer. [14][15][16] Up to now, hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose have been successfully used to produce 5-HMF with acid catalysts in various solvents, such as aqueous solutions with/without organic solvents, organic solvents, and ionic liquids.…”

Selective Cellulose Hydrogenolysis to Ethanol Using Ni@C Combined with Phosphoric Acid Catalysts

“…With the growth in energy consumption and the environmental problemsi nduced by the use of fossil resources, renewable and environmentally friendlyr esources are gaining increasing attention.A sa ni mportantr enewable resource, lignocellulosic biomass is known as an important carbon-containing source for the production of chemicals and fuels, owing to its clear advantages involving safe storage,w ide distribution, and easy availability. [1][2][3][4] In typical lignocellulose, cellulose is the most abundant component as an alternative for producingd ownstream fuels and chemicals, especially bioethanol, whichf inds wide applicationsi nf uel as ag asoline additive, as well as in chemicala nd medical industries. Traditionally,b iomass-derived ethanol is produced by the fermentation of corn starch and sugarcane.…”

Rapid, High‐Yield Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Mixtures of Water and the Noncoordinating Ionic Liquid [bmim][OTf]

“…This sector has experienced substantial investment in research but little commercial activity.I na report submittedt ot he European CommissionD irectorate on General Energy, ac onsortium led by E4tech, RE-CORDa nd WUR [2] discussed 94 green products,i ncluding chemicals, biofuels, and polymers, which were identified as accessible from sugars obtained from the pretreatment of sustainable biomass feedstocks. [5][6][7][8][9] The use of ionic liquids to produce biorenewable chemicals has illustrated many of the advantages associated with ionic liquid media, such as their low volatility and nonflammability,e ven if concerns have been raised more recently over the toxicity of these solvents. Of the 94 productso btained from these sugars, 25 were selected as involving feasible technologiest hat are suitablef or large-scale prototype testing in ap ilot plant.…”

“…[3] The main route to form HMF is by the dehydration of sugars, [4] and important resultsh ave been achieved for HMF production using ionic liquids. [5][6][7][8][9] The use of ionic liquids to produce biorenewable chemicals has illustrated many of the advantages associated with ionic liquid media, such as their low volatility and nonflammability,e ven if concerns have been raised more recently over the toxicity of these solvents. [10] Deep eutectic solvents andw ater have also been investigated for the dehydration of fructose into HMF but improvedy ields are still needed.…”