Recent Advances in Cardiac Tissue Engineering for the Management of Myocardium Infarction

Abstract

Myocardium Infarction (MI) is one of the foremost cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) causing death worldwide, and its case numbers are expected to continuously increase in the coming years. Pharmacological interventions have not been at the forefront in ameliorating MI-related morbidity and mortality. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches have been extensively explored for their regenerative potential in the infarcted myocardium. Recent studies on microfluidic devices employing stem cells under laboratory set-up have revealed meticulous events pertaining to the pathophysiology of MI occurring at the infarcted site. This discovery also underpins the appropriate conditions in the niche for differentiating stem cells into mature cardiomyocyte-like cells and leads to engineering of the scaffold via mimicking of native cardiac physiological conditions. However, the mode of stem cell-loaded engineered scaffolds delivered to the site of infarction is still a challenging mission, and yet to be translated to the clinical setting. In this review, we have elucidated the various strategies developed using a hydrogel-based system both as encapsulated stem cells and as biocompatible patches loaded with cells and applied at the site of infarction.

A Bi‐Layer Hydrogel Cardiac Patch Made of Recombinant Functional Proteins

“…In the future, in order to further relieve patients' pain and reduce the risk and difficulty of surgery, spraying, injection, and 3D printing of cardiac patches would be the mainstream direction. [58] Although the use of minimally invasive method to produce cardiac patches has been reported before, like many current biomaterial cardiac patch normally requires open-chest surgery, our patch didn't avoid this operation, hampering its application for mild-to-moderate patients with heart failure after MI. [59] Thus, minimally invasive method should be further developed, not only relieving the patients' pain, but also easing the operation.…”

“…In the future, in order to further relieve patients’ pain and reduce the risk and difficulty of surgery, spraying, injection, and 3D printing of cardiac patches would be the mainstream direction. [ 58 ]…”

FAIM Enhances the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation by Inhibiting JNK-Induced c-FLIP Ubiquitination and Degradation

“…However, these studies are still in their early stages, and it could take decades to achieve 12 Stem Cells International clinical translational applications. In addition, engineering materials have provided some new ideas for the treatment of MI [34]. Patches were used to provide mechanical support to improve outcomes in the early days after MI, and subsequent studies reported the development of patches equipped with anti-inflammatory activity, but they could not compensate for the loss of cardiomyocytes [29].…”

Promising directions in the treatment of chronic heart failure: improving old or developing new ones?

“…Эритропоэтин не должен применяться в лечении больных ХСН даже при сниженном уровне гемоглобина [1,113] Стимуляция регенеративного потенциала сердечной мышцы В передовых научных центрах ведется накопление материала по четырем основным направлениям [118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]:…”