Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of pollutants

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Recent advances in CE and CEC separation, detection and sample preparation/preconcentration methodologies, for the determination of a variety of compounds having current or potential environmental relevance, have been overviewed. The reviewed literature has illustrated the wide range of CE applications available, indicating a continuing interest in CE and CEC in the environmental field. New developments in chip-based CE systems are also discussed.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Recent advances in CE and CEC of pollutants

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska¹,

Celo²,

Yassine³

2007

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“…In addition, complete surveys related to the application of CE to the analysis one (or several) specific type(s) of samples have been published by Klampfl [44], Kvasnička [45], and Cifuentes [47] for food and its authentication, by Altria et al [48] for pharmaceuticals, in which inorganic ions may present as drug counterion or contaminant impurity, and Timerbaev and Hirokawa [26] for highly saline environmental and biological samples. The wide range of CE applications to inorganic species, having current or potential environmental relevance, was thoughtfully considered in a comprehensive coverage by Dabek-Zlotorzynska and Celo [46].…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in CE of inorganic ions: From individual to multiple elemental species analysis

Timerbaev

2007

The major methodological developments in CE related to inorganic analysis are overviewed. This is an update to a previous review article by the author (Timerbaev, A. R., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 4008-4031) and it covers the review work and innovative research papers published between January 2004 and the first part of 2006. As was underlined in that review, a growing interest of analytical community in providing elemental speciation information found a sound response of the CE method developers. Presently, almost every second research paper in the field of interest deals with element species analysis, the use of inductively coupled plasma MS detection and biochemical applications being the topics of utmost research efforts. On the other hand, advances in general methodology traditionally centered on a CE system modernization for improvements in sensitivity and separation selectivity have attracted less attention over the review period. While there is no indication that inorganic ion applications would surpass by the developmental rate the more matured analysis of organic analytes, CE can now be seen as an analytical technique to be before long customary in a number of inorganic analysis arenas.

“…From the detection of microparticles, organic compounds, and polymers to the separation of organic/inorganic ions, CE has become a very practical tool for chemical analysis and environmental pollutions investigation [1][2][3][4]. In medical research and applications, this technology has been used extensively in detecting, monitoring, and controlling diseases via biomarkers and metabolites of cells [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of CE for determination of DNA base composition

Hua

Naganuma

2007

DNA base composition expressed as mol% of guanine plus cytosine (% GC) or GC content is a key parameter of bacterial taxonomy and genomic analyses. Direct chemical determination methods such as HPLC as well as indirect methods based on physical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), melting point (T(m)), and buoyant density (B(d)) have been conventionally applied to determine the GC content. However, these methods require relatively large amounts of sample DNA, time, and labor. We have developed a protocol to determine the GC content by fine separation of nucleosides with CZE. Genomic DNAs with known GC content from 23 bacterial strains were determined by CE at the optimized conditions of 27 degrees C, 20 kV in 50 mM of NaHCO(3) (pH 9.0) and 70 mM SDS added. Nucleosides from <1 microg of DNA hydrolyzed with nuclease-P1 and bacterial alkaline phosphatase were separated in a 75 microm wide and 80 cm long silica capillary. The nucleoside peak areas were determined at 254 nm in less than 12 min. The CE-based determination of GC content requires only small amounts of DNA, and thus should be applicable to environmental genomics (metagenomics), as >90% of environmental micro-organisms are nonculturable and produce only small amounts of genomic DNA.