Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy: Modulation of tumor microenvironment by Toll-like receptor ligands

Rostamizadeh, Leila; Molavi, Ommoleila; Rashid, Mohsen; Ramazani, Fatemeh; Baradaran, Behzad; Lavasanaifar, Afsaneh; Lai, Raymond

doi:10.34172/bi.2022.23896

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…[70] In recent years, immunotherapy has been extensively used in cancer treatment including TC. [26,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] In this study, papers on immunotherapy for TC were studied by using bibliometric method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer from 1980 to 2022: A review

Ding,

Jiao,

Piao

et al. 2023

Medicine

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With the gradual development of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer, relevant research has increased. To better understand the current situation, development trend, evolution process, and research hotspots of this field, we conducted this comprehensive bibliometrics visual analysis. We retrieved papers published from 1980 to 2022 from Web of Science Core Collection on January 31, 2023. CiteSpace, Pajek, VOSviewer, R-Bibliometrix, and Scimago Graphics are the tools to perform the analysis. Analysis methods mainly include co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis. Analysis objects are countries or regions, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords, etc. In terms of publication number, the recent decade has witnessed rapid growth. USA was the most prolific country and has the most influence in the cooperation team. Sweden took the lead in focus on this research field and lasted for 21 years. Garden State Cancer Center was released most papers (28). INSERM played a major role in institutional cooperation. Goldenberg DM published the most papers (48), with H-Index 25 and G-Index 43. Journal of Nuclear Medicine has the greatest papers published (41). The average impactor factor of the top 10 journals is 7.2058. The top keywords with high burst strength are: radioimmunotherapy (14.85), monoclonal antibody (13.78), non hodgkins lymphoma (12.54). The research field of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer will be further developed. This study provides a valuable reference for future research in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer from 1980 to 2022: A review

Ding,

Jiao,

Piao

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…With their ability to activate several innate immunity pathways, TLR ligands or agonists are considered compelling immunomodulators ( 44 , 140 , 141 ). Upon stimulation of TLRs by agonists, the downstream signaling also initiates enduring adaptive immune responses including cytotoxic NK cells, T-cells and maturation of DCs ( 140 ).…”

Section: Application Of Tlr Ligands/agonists In Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy

Chakraborty,

Ye,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Their capability to propagate immunity makes them attractive targets for the expansion of numerous immunotherapeutic approaches targeting cancer. These immunotherapeutic strategies include using TLR ligands/agonists as monotherapy or combined therapeutic strategies. Several TLR agonists have demonstrated significant efficacy in advanced clinical trials. In recent years, multiple reports established the applicability of TLR agonists as adjuvants to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines are a relatively novel approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy and are currently under extensive evaluation for treating different cancers. In the present review, we tried to deliver an inclusive discussion of the significant TLR agonists and discussed their application and challenges to their incorporation into cancer immunotherapy approaches, particularly highlighting the usage of TLR agonists as functional adjuvants to cancer vaccines. Finally, we present the translational potential of rWTC-MBTA vaccination [irradiated whole tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with phagocytic agonists Mannan-BAM, TLR ligands, and anti-CD40 agonisticAntibody], an autologous cancer vaccine leveraging membrane-bound Mannan-BAM, and the immune-inducing prowess of TLR agonists as a probable immunotherapy in multiple cancer types.

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“…Thus, adjuvants can be categorized into inflammatory adjuvants and dendritic cell adjuvants by clear definitions, and the current categorization based on identified and unidentified receptors is merely a historical convenience [ 107 ]. Adjuvants should be defined based on their comprehensive analysis [ 108 , 109 ], molecular interaction and activation of the immune system, especially involving innate immune receptors (PRRs), and it is necessary to evaluate their functional identification, efficacy, and safety separately. It is molecularly understood that adjuvants command dendritic cells to activate the main response, acquired immunity, while the accompanied induction of excessive inflammation and cytokine storms is a separate side response.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Establishing an Ideal Adjuvant for Non-Inflammatory Immune Enhancement

Seya

Tatematsu

Matsumoto

2022

Cells

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The vertebrate immune system functions to eliminate invading foreign nucleic acids and foreign proteins from infectious diseases and malignant tumors. Because pathogens and cancer cells have unique amino acid sequences and motifs (e.g., microbe-associated molecular patterns, MAMPs) that are recognized as “non-self” to the host, immune enhancement is one strategy to eliminate invading cells. MAMPs contain nucleic acids specific or characteristic of the microbe and are potential candidates for immunostimulants or adjuvants. Adjuvants are included in many vaccines and are a way to boost immunity by deliberately administering them along with antigens. Although adjuvants are an important component of vaccines, it is difficult to evaluate their efficacy ex vivo and in vivo on their own (without antigens). In addition, inflammation induced by currently candidate adjuvants may cause adverse events, which is a hurdle to their approval as drugs. In addition, the lack of guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of adjuvants in drug discovery research also makes regulatory approval difficult. Viral double-stranded (ds) RNA mimics have been reported as potent adjuvants, but the safety barrier remains unresolved. Here we present ARNAX, a noninflammatory nucleic acid adjuvant that selectively targets Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in antigen-presenting dendritic cells (APCs) to safely induce antigen cross-presentation and subsequently induce an acquired immune response independent of inflammation. This review discusses the challenges faced in the clinical development of novel adjuvants.

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Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy: Modulation of tumor microenvironment by Toll-like receptor ligands

Cited by 9 publications

References 208 publications

Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer from 1980 to 2022: A review

Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer from 1980 to 2022: A review

Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy

Toward Establishing an Ideal Adjuvant for Non-Inflammatory Immune Enhancement

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