Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy

Sun, Qiang; Melino, Gerry; Amelio, Ivano; Jiang, Jingting; Wang, Ying; Shi, Yufang

doi:10.1007/s12672-021-00422-9

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Similar to syncytia in virological diseases, multinucleated cells are common in human cancer, where immune edition was identified as one of the key drivers promoting tumor development and progression [33]. Multiple lines of evidence supported the idea that heterotypic CIC formation may contribute to immune evasion and cancer malignancy.…”

Section: Heterotypic Cic Structures In Cancersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell-in-cell: an emerging player in COVID-19 and immune disorders

Sun¹,

Chen²

2022

NSO

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Section: Heterotypic Cic Structures In Cancersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell-in-cell: an emerging player in COVID-19 and immune disorders

Sun¹,

Chen²

2022

NSO

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“…Immunotherapies, largely used in several cancer types, resulting effective in a significant fraction of standard therapy refractory patients ( 216 ), have not shown objective response in patients with RMS ( 217 , 218 ). Sarcoma and particularly RMS are considered “cold” to underline the immunologically inert nature of these tumors.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Radioresistance In Rmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose

Camero

Cassandri²,

Pomella³

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, frequently accounting the genitourinary tract is complex and requires a multimodal therapy. In particular, as a consequence of the advancement in dose conformity technology, radiation therapy (RT) has now become the standard therapeutic option for patients with RMS. In the clinical practice, dose and timing of RT are adjusted on the basis of patients’ risk stratification to reduce late toxicity and side effects on normal tissues. However, despite the substantial improvement in cure rates, local failure and recurrence frequently occur. In this review, we summarize the general principles of the treatment of RMS, focusing on RT, and the main molecular pathways and specific proteins involved into radioresistance in RMS tumors. Specifically, we focused on DNA damage/repair, reactive oxygen species, cancer stem cells, and epigenetic modifications that have been reported in the context of RMS neoplasia in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The precise elucidation of the radioresistance-related molecular mechanisms is of pivotal importance to set up new more effective and tolerable combined therapeutic approaches that can radiosensitize cancer cells to finally ameliorate the overall survival of patients with RMS, especially for the most aggressive subtypes.

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“…Colorectal cancer is currently the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, with a particularly high incidence in western countries, possibly due to the concurrent increase of obesity and metabolic syndrome [ 1 – 6 ]. In Europe, the gold standard for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) consists in a multidisciplinary approach based on the administration of either preoperative long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or short-course radiotherapy (SCRT), followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy [ 7 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic minireview

et al. 2022

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Colorectal carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and indeed, rectal cancer accounting for approximately one third of newly diagnosed patients. Gold standard in the treatment of rectal cancer is a multimodality approach, aiming at a good control of the local disease. Distant recurrences are the major cause of mortality. Currently, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC) patients undergo a combined treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by surgery. Eventually, more chemotherapy, namely adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT), may be necessary. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) is an emerging approach aimed to reduce distant metastases and improve local control. Several ongoing studies are analyzing whether this new approach could improve oncological outcomes. Published results were encouraging, but the heterogeneity of protocols in use, makes the comparison and interpretation of data rather complex. One of the major concerns regarding TNT administration is related to its effect on larger and more advanced cancers that might not undergo similar down-staging as smaller, early-stage tumors. This minireview, based on a systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis, summarizes current knowledge on TNT. The aim was to confirm or refute whether or not current practice of TNT is based on relevant evidence, to establish the quality of that evidence, and to address any uncertainty or variation in practice that may be occurring. A tentative grouping of general study characteristics, clinical features and treatments characteristics has been undertaken to evaluate if the reported studies are sufficiently homogeneous in terms of subjects involved, interventions, and outcomes to provide a meaningful idea of which patients are more likely to gain from this treatment.

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Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 22 publications

References 108 publications

Cell-in-cell: an emerging player in COVID-19 and immune disorders

Cell-in-cell: an emerging player in COVID-19 and immune disorders

Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose

Total neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic minireview

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