Recent advances in breathable electronics

Yan, Zhuocheng; Xiong, Jian; Wang, Bin; Gao, Min; Guo, Yin; Hu, Tao; Pan, Taisong; Wang, Xinzhong; Ye, Lin

doi:10.1007/s12274-022-5039-2

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The coated fabric consists of an inner fabric in contact with the skin and MCF coating on the outer fabric surface. The inner fabric has the same excellent breathability as the original fabric, while the outer MCF coating forms a three-dimensional network porous structure (Figure d 1 ) that allows the transmission of water vapor, which endows the MCF-coated fabric with excellent breathability. , As shown in Figure b, the water vapor transmission rate was measured by a water vapor transmittance tester at the temperature of 38 °C and the relative humidity of 85 ± 5%. The water vapor transmission rates of the (1) pristine fabric, (2) single face-coated fabric, and (3) double face-coated fabric were 4340.74, 4248.28, and 3982.23 g/m 2 /d, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Recycling of Waste Fabrics for Preparing Multifunctional Photothermal Protective Materials

Jun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Waste fabrics have caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste, while recycling is still inefficient and costly. Herein, we designed an efficient and green method of recycling waste fabrics for the preparation of multifunctional photothermal protective materials. Modified carbonized fibers (MCFs) were obtained from carbonized waste fabrics and modified with dopamine and dodecylamine. Thanks to the photothermal synergy between polydopamine and the CFs, the MCF coating exhibited more than 95% light absorptivity in the visible wavelength range, which can rapidly heat up to 95.3 °C within 120 s under 1 kW/m 2 illumination. The excellent photothermal property in collaboration with superhydrophobicity endows MCF coating with obviously active de-icing and passive anti-icing properties. Moreover, the surface of the coated fabric can maintain a temperature of 20.1 °C under 0 °C with 1 kW/m 2 illumination, illustrating the personal thermal management (PTM) characteristics. Furthermore, the MCF coatings exhibited excellent mechanical and chemical durability, which significantly extended their service life. More importantly, the noteworthy breathability made the fabric suitable and comfortable to wear. This self-cleaning photothermal protective coating with PTM, active de-icing, and passive anti-icing properties greatly broadens the application of recycled waste fabrics and the utilization of sustainable solar energy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Recycling of Waste Fabrics for Preparing Multifunctional Photothermal Protective Materials

Jun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The waterproof and breathable membranes that prevent liquid water permeation while allow moisture and air transmission are highly desired for various applications; for example, personal protective clothing, wound dressing, and desalination. [ 1b ] Superhydrophobicity is an additional desired feature for waterproof and breathable membranes for self‐cleaning effect. [ 26 ] Regarding fabrication, electrospinning is widely adopted for developing waterproof and breathable membranes because the electrospun fibrous structure provides a good basis for breathability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even today, such fibrous materials are still highly sought after for various modern applications that require a breathable and superhydrophobic surface property, including protective clothing, wearable electronics, wound dressing, and gas sensors. [ 1 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Strategic Approach to Superhydrophobic Fibrous Structure with Biaxially Aligned Electrospun Porous Fibers

Zhang,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Electrospun fibrous structures can be developed superhydrophobic while remaining breathable. However, current electrospinning‐based methods for developing superhydrophobicity require complex fabrication processes and multiple raw materials, lacking a facile approach to superhydrophobicity using electrospun fibers. Inspired by a cultural relic known as Plain Gauze Gown, a fibrous structure consisting two layers of porous fibers aligned in warp and weft directions by simple electrospinning is developed. Through investigation of wetting behavior, an unique Cassie–Baxter‐“restoring” (CaRe) wetting contributing to a stable Cassie–Baxter state is unveiled in the developed structure. The CaRe wetting ensures that droplet stays on the upper‐layer fibers even at a sparse inter‐fiber distance, enabling strategically reaching superhydrophobicity by lowering structure solidity. Remarkably, the developed structure with water contact angle between 159° and 162° and roll‐off angle from 10° to 3° has a water vapor transmission rate of 20.8 kg m−2 d−1, which is the highest value among all superhydrophobic electrospun structures reported, and it is also waterproof and semi‐transparent. These features make the structure suitable for a wide range of applications, including developing waterproof, breathable, and superhydrophobic membrane with simple preparation and low cost, and as a surface layer for wearable electronics that facilitates sweat evaporation and prevents water intrusion.

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“…For example, the skin regulates body temperature through sweating (Figure c-i), which provides a rich source of chemical biomarkers. , However, sweat accumulation can disrupt the device–skin interface, leading to reading failures and irritation during prolonged wear. Therefore, e-tattoos should be designed with breathability to ensure stable signal quality and comfort during long-term wear. − Moreover, e-tattoos should be designed not to interfere with the skin’s tactile sensing ability enabled by receptors and nerves (Figure c-ii). , E-Tattoos must also withstand the same environmental conditions that the human body encounters, such as extreme temperature variations, water, and electromagnetic interference. This can be achieved through encapsulation, which will be discussed in detail in section .…”

Section: Properties Of Human Skin and Desirable Properties Of E-tattoosmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin

Li,

Tan,

Rao

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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The human body continuously emits physiological and psychological information from head to toe. Wearable electronics capable of noninvasively and accurately digitizing this information without compromising user comfort or mobility have the potential to revolutionize telemedicine, mobile health, and both human−machine or human−metaverse interactions. However, state-of-the-art wearable electronics face limitations regarding wearability and functionality due to the mechanical incompatibility between conventional rigid, planar electronics and soft, curvy human skin surfaces. E-Tattoos, a unique type of wearable electronics, are defined by their ultrathin and skin-soft characteristics, which enable noninvasive and comfortable lamination on human skin surfaces without causing obstruction or even mechanical perception. This review article offers an exhaustive exploration of e-tattoos, accounting for their materials, structures, manufacturing processes, properties, functionalities, applications, and remaining challenges. We begin by summarizing the properties of human skin and their effects on signal transmission across the e-tattoo-skin interface. Following this is a discussion of the materials, structural designs, manufacturing, and skin attachment processes of e-tattoos. We classify e-tattoo functionalities into electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical sensing, as well as wound healing and other treatments. After discussing energy harvesting and storage capabilities, we outline strategies for the system integration of wireless e-tattoos. In the end, we offer personal perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the field.

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Recent advances in breathable electronics

Cited by 11 publications

References 124 publications

Facile Recycling of Waste Fabrics for Preparing Multifunctional Photothermal Protective Materials

Facile Recycling of Waste Fabrics for Preparing Multifunctional Photothermal Protective Materials

A Facile and Strategic Approach to Superhydrophobic Fibrous Structure with Biaxially Aligned Electrospun Porous Fibers

E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin

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