Recent Advances in Biosensing With Photonic Crystal Surfaces: A Review

Abstract

Photonic crystal surfaces that are designed to function as wavelength-selective optical resonators have become a widely adopted platform for label-free biosensing, and for enhancement of the output of photon-emitting tags used throughout life science research and in vitro diagnostics. While some applications, such as analysis of drug-protein interactions, require extremely high resolution and the ability to accurately correct for measurement artifacts, others require sensitivity that is high enough for detection of disease biomarkers in serum with concentrations less than 1 pg/ml. As the analysis of cells becomes increasingly important for studying the behavior of stem cells, cancer cells, and biofilms under a variety of conditions, approaches that enable high resolution imaging of live cells without cytotoxic stains or photobleachable fluorescent dyes are providing new tools to biologists who seek to observe individual cells over extended time periods. This paper will review several recent advances in photonic crystal biosensor detection instrumentation and device structures that are being applied towards direct detection of small molecules in the context of high throughput drug screening, photonic crystal fluorescence enhancement as utilized for high sensitivity multiplexed cancer biomarker detection, and label-free high resolution imaging of cells and individual nanoparticles as a new tool for life science research and single-molecule diagnostics.

Advances in optoplasmonic sensors – combining optical nano/microcavities and photonic crystals with plasmonic nanostructures and nanoparticles

“…Considering the complexity involved in fabricating real 3D PBG materials for practical integration, 1D PhC surfaces and strongly modulated 2D PhC slabs of submicron thickness have been widely investigated for integrated nanophotonics applications, even for sensing at the point of care [123][124][125][126][127]. Like basic PBG principles, the photonic band properties in these 2D nanoengineered materials originate from multiple instances of beam scattering and interference at the photonic lattice due to periodic perturbation of the structure.…”

Simulation methods for multiperiodic and aperiodic nanostructured dielectric waveguides

“…They have been studied for label-free biosensing (Cunningham et al 2015;Jahns et al 2015;Nazirizadeh et al 2016), to increase the light outcoupling from organic light-emitting diodes (Kluge et al 2014) and to improve the efficiency of solar cells (Zeng et al 2006). Grating waveguides are planar waveguides with embedded diffractive grating structures.…”

Fotonik Kristal Levhalı Biyosensörler ve Uygulamaları

“…The electromagnetic wave that is produced at the PC surface during resonant light matching prohibits sidelong spread [3]. Accordingly, there are many applications such as display of primitive cells [2], cancer cell metastasis, biofilm and gene identification [4], biomolecular detection [5], DNA microarrays, and pharmaceutical drug screening [6][7][8]. These structures including cavities can be also used as label-free PC biosensors (kinetic imaging of cellsurface interactions) [9], immobilized protein targets [10].…”