Recent advances in aptamer-based sensors for breast cancer diagnosis: special cases for nanomaterial-based VEGF, HER2, and MUC1 aptasensors

Şahin, Samet; Çağlayan, Mustafa Oğuzhan; Üstündağ, Zafer

doi:10.1007/s00604-020-04526-x

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…3 And according to the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), breast cancer is broadly divided into luminal ER positive (luminal A and luminal B), HER2 enriched, and basal-like molecular subtypes. 4,5 Despite recent great progress in diagnostic methods and treatment technologies, [6][7][8] long-term survival rate of these patients is still not satisfactory, especially in the metastatic setting (median survival less than 24 months). It would be beneficial to conduct more accurate risk assessment and optimize treatment for patients with breast cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Molecular Targets Among JAK Family in Breast Cancer

Liu¹,

Wu²

2021

JIR

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Background: Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in multiple malignancies. However, clinical values of JAKs as prognostic markers and potential mechanism as molecular targets in breast invasive carcinoma (BC) are not completely clarified. Methodology: TIMER, UALCAN and GEPIA were used to assess the expression and methylation levels of JAKs in BC. Kaplan-Meier Plotter, bc-GenExMiner, SurvExpress, TRGAted, MethSurv, and SurvivalMeth were used to assess the multilevel prognostic significance of JAKs in breast cancer patients. And cBioPortal, TIMER, STRING, GeneMANIA, NetworkAnalysis, LinkedOmics, DAVID 6.8, and Metascape were applied for multilayer networks and functional enrichment analyses. Correlations between immune cell infiltrates/their gene markers and JAKs were evaluated by TIMER. Results: We first explored the expression and methylation level of JAKs in breast cancer and found significantly reduced JAK1 and JAK2 expression at mRNA and protein levels, significantly higher JAK3 protein expression, and significantly increased TYK2 expression at mRNA level but decreased at protein level. In addition, hypermethylation of JAK3 and TYK2 and hypomethylation of JAK1 were found in tumor samples. In terms of prognostic values of JAKs in BC patients, low transcriptional levels of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 indicated worse OS/DMFS/PPS/RFS/DFS, inferior DFS, worse RFS, and shorter OS/DMFS/ RFS, respectively. The mRNA signature analysis showed that high-risk group had unfavorable OS/RFS/MFS. Low JAK2 protein level indicated unfavorable DSS/PFS in BC patients. Five CpGs of JAK1, four CpGs of JAK2, 20 CpGs of JAK3, and 13 CpGs of TYK2 were significantly associated with prognosis in BC patients. The DNA methylation signature analysis also suggested worse prognosis in the high-risk group. For potential biological roles of JAKs, interaction analyses, functional enrichment analyses for biological process, cellular component, molecular function, and KEGG pathway analyses of JAKs and their neighbor genes in BC were conducted. Kinase targets, gene-miRNA interactions, and transcription factor-gene interactions of JAKs were also identified. Furthermore, JAKs were found to be significantly related to immune infiltrates as well as the expression levels of multiple immune markers in BC. Conclusion: JAKs showed multilevel prognostic value and important biological roles in BC. They might serve as promising prognostic markers and possible targets in breast cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Molecular Targets Among JAK Family in Breast Cancer

Liu¹,

Wu²

2021

JIR

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“…Aptamers are chemically derived single strands of either DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can be conjugated with various types of nanomaterials to produce POC aptasensors capable of detecting small molecules or biomarkers. In the conjugated device, the aptamer serves as a highly sensitive and selective recognition element while nanomaterials present high surface area and excellent optical, electrical and electrochemical properties rendering them as suitable and highly sensitive transducers [32,33]. The signals generated via the binding of small molecules by the aptasensors can be optical, colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signals [34,35] and these types of signals are sometimes dependent on the nature and properties of the adjunct nanomaterials.…”

Section: Nanomaterials Based Aptamer Sensors As Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy

et al. 2021

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Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria with highly sensitive biosensors is currently a research priority. Aptamer is a chemically derived recognition molecule capable of detecting and binding small molecules with high specificity and its fast preparation time, cost effectiveness, ease of modification, stability at high temperature and pH are some of the advantages it has over traditional detection methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Higher sensitivity and selectivity can further be achieved via coupling of aptamers with nanomaterials and these conjugates called “aptasensors” are receiving greater attention in early diagnosis and therapy. This review will highlight the selection protocol of aptamers based on Traditional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the various types of modified SELEX. We further identify both the advantages and drawbacks associated with the modified version of SELEX. Furthermore, we describe the current advances in aptasensor development and the quality of signal types, which are dependent on surface area and other specific properties of the selected nanomaterials, are also reviewed.

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“…Overexpression of HER2 occurs in 20-25% of all breast cancers (BC) [97,98]. In blood samples, a concentration of HER2 exceeding 15 ng/mL indicates HER2-positive breast cancer [99]. It is apparent why HER2 is considered a prognostic factor and indicates an increased metastatic potential, poor clinical outcomes, and a more aggressive BC subtype [99].…”

Section: Her2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In blood samples, a concentration of HER2 exceeding 15 ng/mL indicates HER2-positive breast cancer [99]. It is apparent why HER2 is considered a prognostic factor and indicates an increased metastatic potential, poor clinical outcomes, and a more aggressive BC subtype [99]. Identifying breast cancer as HER2-positive allows for targeted treatment and has been shown to improve survival rates compared to nontargeted treatment [100,101].…”

Section: Her2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Aptamers: Current Sensing Targets, Available Aptamers, and Their Evaluation for Clinical Use in Diagnostics

Varty

O’Brien

Ignaszak

2021

Cancers

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Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, and the rate of diagnosis continues to increase. Early detection and targeted treatment towards histological type is crucial to improving outcomes, but current screening methods leave some patients at risk of late diagnosis. The risk of late diagnosis and progressed disease is of particular concern for young women as current screening methods are not recommended early in life. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that can bind with high specificity to target molecules such as proteins, peptides, and other small molecules. They are relatively cheap to produce and are invariable from batch to batch, making them ideal for use in large-scale clinical or screening programs. The use of aptamers for breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and therapeutics is promising, but comparison of these aptamers and their corresponding biomarkers for use in breast cancer is significantly lacking. Here, we compare the currently available aptamers for breast cancer biomarkers and their respective biomarkers, as well as highlight the electrochemical sensors that are in development.

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Recent advances in aptamer-based sensors for breast cancer diagnosis: special cases for nanomaterial-based VEGF, HER2, and MUC1 aptasensors

Cited by 42 publications

References 230 publications

Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Molecular Targets Among JAK Family in Breast Cancer

Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Molecular Targets Among JAK Family in Breast Cancer

Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy

Breast Cancer Aptamers: Current Sensing Targets, Available Aptamers, and Their Evaluation for Clinical Use in Diagnostics

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