Recent advances in antilock braking systems and traction control systems

Abstract

Antilock braking systems (ABS) are closed-loop devices designed to prevent locking and skidding during braking. Traction control systems (TCS) limit the amount of traction force generated at the wheels to prevent loss of traction. Both systems contain an electronic control unit (ECU), which compares signals from each wheel sensor. In ABS systems, the pressure to one or more of the wheels is regulated, whereas in TCS systems, the drive torque to the wheels is reduced. Recent advances include the use of wireless accelerometers, developments in the control software that take into account the dynamics of the tyres and suspension, the estimation of parameters such as lateral acceleration and wheel slip and the use of adaptive control and fuzzy logic. More recently, these systems have been integrated into other vehicle systems, such as four-wheel steering and active suspension. Future improvements might include the use of smart materials for sensor development, and the use of roadside-to-vehicle control.

Comparison between Kalman Filter and Robust Filter for Vehicle Handling Dynamics State Estimation

“…The designs are then conducted and described using equation (22) to (26) for the Kalman filter and equation (28) to (33) for the robust filter. It is important to note that in this simulation, the information about model uncertainties in the Kalman filter are all included in Q, R and S matrices, whereas in the robust filter these are included in 1 L , 2 L , 1 N and V matrices.…”

“…Equation (2) shows that sideslip is caused by the addition of all four lateral tyre forces, so this is strongly influenced by tyre non-linearity. Figure 8 shows the lateral tyre force dynamics at the left front wheel and describes how the non-linearity affects the sideslip velocity.…”

“…Recent research in advanced control techniques has given rise to the development of controllers which improve vehicle lateral handling stability [1], longitudinal handling stability [2], ride comfort [3], and also overall vehicle performance via integrated vehicle control [1,4]. Many of these are model based multivariable control methods.…”

The potentional application of artificial intelligence in motor vehicles braking system performance

“…Tako je u [19,20] predloženo rešenje kočnog sistema motornog vozila sa inteligentnim osobinama, pri čemu je mehatronski pristup pomogao da se izbegnu neke od mana uočenih kod konvencionalnih kočnih sistema. Iako je prvobitni ABS sistem neprekidno usavršavan do danas kroz nekoliko generacija, i dalje se vrše mnogobrojna istraživanja u toj oblasti kako bi se upravljanje klizanjem točka usavršilo [21]. Cilj korigovanja pritiska aktiviranja kočnice, koju vrši ABS tokom svog rada, je da se klizanje točka zadrži što je moguće bliže maksimumu krive klizanje-koeficijent prijanjanja, odnosno maksimalnoj vrednosti koeficijenta prijanjanja.…”

“…Kada su točkovi blokirani, maksimalno se iskorišćava ukupna reaktivna sila u podužnom pravcu, pa je tada sila u bočnom (poprečnom) pravcu jednaka nuli. To veoma često ima opasne posledice kao što su nemogućnost upravljanja vozilom, zaokretanje vozila uprkos suprotnom korigovanju pravca kretanja vozila od strane vozača pomoću točka upravljača i/ili zanošenje [21,118].…”