Recent advances in anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: A review

Abstract

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are appealing alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their wide potential window, fast ionic conductivity in the electrolyte, and reduced cost. However, PIBs suffer from sluggish K + reaction kinetics in electrode materials, large volume expansion of electroactive materials, and the unstable solid electrolyte interphase. Various strategies, especially in terms of electrode design, have been proposed to address these issues. In this review, the recent progress on advanced anode materials of PIBs is systematically discussed, ranging from the design principles, and nanoscale fabrication and engineering to the structure-performance relationship. Finally, the remaining limitations, potential solutions, and possible research directions for the development of PIBs towards practical applications are presented. This review will provide new insights into the lab development and real-world applications of PIBs.

Sodium‐rich NASICON‐structured cathodes for boosting the energy density and lifespan of sodium‐free‐anode sodium metal batteries

“…Despite their commercial success in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have nearly approached the maximum energy densities. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In addition, the increased concerns for the availability and cost of Li on the earth have to be addressed considering the increasing demand for LIBs for electric vehicles and energy storage. 7 Rechargeable sodium batteries are widely recognized as attractive alternatives, regarding the costeffectiveness, elemental abundance, and uniform geographic distribution of Na-containing precursors.…”

“…Despite their commercial success in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have nearly approached the maximum energy densities 1–6 . In addition, the increased concerns for the availability and cost of Li on the earth have to be addressed considering the increasing demand for LIBs for electric vehicles and energy storage 7 .…”

Interphases in the electrodes of potassium ion batteries

“…The past 5 years have seen extensive research activities around the electrode materials of PIBs. This has resulted in a diverse range of feasible cathode and anode materials for PIBs, which has been nicely summarised in a number of review articles [14][15][16][17]. Alongside the research progression of electrode materials, it has become undoubtedly imperative that interphases play an equally critical role as electrode materials in determining PIB performance, because interphases affect not only ionic migration and charge transfer but also the structural and electrochemical stability of adjacent material phases interconnected by the interphases [18,19].…”

Investigation of the potassium‐ion storage mechanism of nickel selenide materials and rational design of nickel selenide‐C yolk‐shell structure for enhancing electrochemical properties

“…9,10 However, the electrode goes through large volume expansion during cycling and suffers from sluggish diffusion kinetics due to the large atomic radius and high mass of K-ions; this results in poor cycling and rate performances during potassiation/depotassiation. 11,12 Hence, it is essential to develop anode materials that can alleviate structural stress from volume expansion with a long cycle life and fast kinetics for KIBs. 13,14 Conversion-type materials such as transition metal oxides and metal chalcogenides have received much spotlight from many researchers.…”