Recent advances in analytical techniques for high throughput experimentation

Abstract

High throughput experimentation is a growing and evolving field that allows to execute dozens to several thousands of experiments per day with relatively limited resources. Through miniaturization, typically a high degree of automation and the use of digital data tools, many parallel reactions or experiments at a time can be run in such workflows. High throughput experimentation also requires fast analytical techniques capable of generating critically important analytical data in line with the increased rate of experimentation. As traditional techniques usually do not deliver the speed required, some unique approaches are required to enable workflows to function as designed. This review covers the recent developments (2019‐2020) in this field and was intended to give a comprehensive overview of the current “state‐of‐the‐art.”

Accelerated Electrosynthesis Development Enabled by High-Throughput Experimentation

“…Therefore, it is essential to employ the appropriate analysis and characterization method according to the screening target. 106 Since, for most of the time, the screening target for electrosynthesis is reaction yield, selectivity, or catalyst turnover, the characterization methods used for conventional organic synthesis can also be used for electrosynthesis HTE, including gas/liquid chromatography, 107 nuclear magnetic resonance, 107 and mass spectrometry. 23 Due to the unique requirement of applying external current/voltage during electrosynthesis, many electrochemical analysis methods can be used to provide thermodynamic and kinetic information of the heterogeneous electron transfer.…”

“…Therefore, it is essential to employ the appropriate analysis and characterization method according to the screening target. 106 Since, for most of the time, the screening target for electrosynthesis is reaction yield, selectivity, or catalyst turnover, the characterization methods used for conventional organic synthesis can also be used for electrosynthesis HTE, including gas/liquid chromatography, 107 nuclear magnetic resonance, 107 and mass spectrometry. 23…”

Acoustic ejection mass spectrometry: Development, applications, and future perspective

“…There are many areas in drug discovery where analysis using ultrahigh-throughput (seconds/sample) MS is highly desirable. These include high-throughput screening (HTS) for lead discovery (McLaren et al, 2021); high-throughput absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (HT-ADME) profiling (Shou, 2020); quality control (QC) of compound collection (Gomez-Sanchez et al, 2021); and reaction monitoring for small-scale parallel synthesis (Vervoort, Goossens, Baeten, & Chen, 2021). Up to 100,000 samples in high-density plates (384-and 1536-well plates) can be generated for analysis daily from these workflows.…”

Using Hadamard Transform Multiplexed IR Spectroscopy Together with a Segmented Ion Trap for the Identification of Mobility-Selected Isomers

“…High-throughput biomolecular analysis plays a key role in fields such as drug discovery, − biomarker screening, , glycomics, , and metabolomics. ,− While the speed and sensitivity of mass spectrometry (MS) makes it well suited for this task, the identification of isomers remains a formidable challenge, − particularly in the case of glycans, or oligosaccharides, which display extensive isomeric diversity. , To overcome this analytical challenge, MS is often coupled with chromatographic separation techniques and chemical derivatizations that need to be tailored to specific classes of glycans. , Even when isomer separation is possible, it remains difficult to identify a specific isomeric form, which hinders understanding the relationship between glycan structures and their biological functions.…”