“Recent Advances in Algal Biotechnology: Toward the Development of a Sustainable, Algae-Based Bioeconomy”

Abstract

Land plants have long been valued by mankind as sustainable supplies of food, medicine, and building materials. Agriculture has undergone constant development throughout human history to adapt to the changing demands of civilization. As a result of today's rapidly expanding population, current industrial and agricultural methods have major environmental implications and practical restrictions that must be addressed. Microalgae are a diverse collection of unicellular photosynthetic organisms that have the ability to meet critical demands in industry and agriculture. They are emerging as next-generation resources. Algae's rich biological diversity can be used to generate a variety of useful bioproducts, either naturally or by genetic engineering. Additionally, microalgae have a number of inherent benefits, such as low production costs, the ability to grow quickly in both scalable, fully contained photo bioreactors and large-scale outdoor systems without the need for arable land. In order to show how algae could offer high-tech, reasonably priced, and environmentally friendly solutions to many of our society's current and future requirements, we will now discuss technological developments, fresh fields of application, and products in the field of algal biotechnology. We discuss how cutting-edge technologies can advance our understanding of algal biology and, ultimately, help establish an algalbased bioeconomy. These technologies include synthetic biology, high-throughput phonemics, and internet of things (IoT) automation applied to algal manufacturing technology.