Recent advances in adherence and invasion of pathogenic Escherichia coli

Kalita, Anjana; Hu, Jia; Torres, Alfredo G.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000092

Cited by 51 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to suckled newborn lambs, bottle-fed lambs had a higher abundance of Escherichia, suggesting that artificial feeding may delay the establishment of the anaerobic environment and anaerobic microbes (Le Huerou-Luron et al, 2010). Escherichia is a highly versatile genus comprising harmless commensal and pathogenic strains that have acquired the ability to cause intestinal (enteritis, diarrhoea, or dysentery) or extraintestinal (urinary tract infections, sepsis, or meningitis) diseases in their hosts by attaching to the epithelial cells and/or invading target host cells (Croxen et al, 2013;Leimbach et al, 2013;Kalita et al, 2014). Compared to artificial feeding, breastfeeding is associated with lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and diarrhoea during early life (Aggett et al, 2006;Le Huerou-Luron et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding modes shape the acquisition and structure of the initial gut microbiota in newborn lambs

Cox

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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SummaryEarly gut microbial colonization is important for postnatal metabolic and immune development. However, little is known about the effects of different feeding modes (suckling versus bottle‐feeding) or microbial sources on this process in farm animals. We found that suckled and bottle‐fed newborn lambs had their own distinct gut microbiota. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR showed that, compared with suckling, bottle feeding significantly increased the abundances of Escherichia/Shigella, Butyricicoccus, and Clostridium XlVa, while significantly decreased the abundance of Clostridium XI. The higher levels of Escherichia/Shigella in bottle‐fed lambs suggest that artificial feeding may increase the number of potential pathogens and delay the establishment of the anaerobic environment and anaerobic microbes. Feeding modes also affected the direct transmission of bacteria from the mother and the environment to newborns. The SourceTracker analysis estimated that the early gut microbes of suckled lambs were mainly derived from the mother's teats (43%) and ambient air (28%); whereas those of bottle‐fed lambs were dominated by bacteria from the mother's vagina (46%), ambient air (31%), and the sheep pen floor (12%). These findings advance our understanding of gut microbiota in early life and may help design techniques to improve gut microbiota and health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding modes shape the acquisition and structure of the initial gut microbiota in newborn lambs

Cox

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The genus Escherichia comprises facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Some commensal strains of Escherichia coli can reduce intestinal epithelial inflammatory signaling in vitro (35), while some pathogenic E. coli strains can invade host cells (36). As reflected by tb-PCA, two dominant OTUs that separated samples at day zero from others also displayed high identity to this genus.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 92%

Taxonomic Identification of Ruminal Epithelial Bacterial Diversity during Rumen Development in Goats

Jiao

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bUnderstanding of the colonization process of epithelial bacteria attached to the rumen tissue during rumen development is very limited. Ruminal epithelial bacterial colonization is of great significance for the relationship between the microbiota and the host and can influence the early development and health of the host. MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) were applied to characterize ruminal epithelial bacterial diversity during rumen development in this study. Seventeen goat kids were selected to reflect the no-rumination (0 and 7 days), transition (28 and 42 days), and rumination (70 days) phases of animal development. Alpha diversity indices (operational taxonomic unit [OTU] numbers, Chao estimate, and Shannon index) increased (P < 0.01) with age, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the samples clustered together according to age group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were detected as the dominant phyla regardless of the age group, and the abundance of Proteobacteria declined quadratically with age (P < 0.001), while the abundances of Bacteroidetes (P ‫؍‬ 0.088) and Firmicutes (P ‫؍‬ 0.009) increased with age. At the genus level, Escherichia (80.79%) dominated at day zero, while Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, and Campylobacter surged (linearly; P < 0.01) in abundance at 42 and 70 days. qPCR showed that the total copy number of epithelial bacteria increased linearly (P ‫؍‬ 0.013) with age. In addition, the abundances of the genera Butyrivibrio, Campylobacter, and Desulfobulbus were positively correlated with rumen weight, rumen papilla length, ruminal ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase. Taking the data together, colonization by ruminal epithelial bacteria is age related (achieved at 2 months) and might participate in the anatomic and functional development of the rumen. R ecent years have witnessed growing interest in the diversity and function of ruminal epithelial bacteria. It has been demonstrated that ruminal epithelial bacteria are involved in oxygen scavenging, tissue recycling, and urea digestion (1). Furthermore, in steers, the ruminal epithelial bacterial communities of acidosisresistant and acidosis-susceptible groups were different during subacute ruminal acidosis development, and this difference could be recognized by the host TLRs (Toll-like receptors), which are associated with changes in the function of the rumen epithelial tissue barrier (2). Similarly, in the mouse colon, epithelial bacterial diversity correlated with TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression (3). These findings reveal that since epithelial bacteria are directly attached to the epithelial surface, their end products may play a direct or indirect role in host immune responses and tissue barrier function.Ruminal epithelial bacteria are distinctly different at the taxonomic level from bacteria associated with rumen contents (4, 5). By use of culture-based tech...

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“…The first step in gastrointestinal infection is the initial attachment to the surface of the host intestinal epithelium (Kalita et al, 2014). Several adherence-related factors have been described as being present in EPEC or STEC isolates, such as, the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) autotransporter C, encoded by ehaC (Abreu et al, 2013); the Iha virulence factor, encoded by iha (Tarr et al, 2000; Bardiau et al, 2009); ToxB, encoded by toxB on the pO157 plasmid (Tatsuno et al, 2001); an autoagglutinating adhesin, Saa (Paton et al, 2001); porcine attaching and effacing-associated adhesin (Paa), encoded by paa (Batisson et al, 2003; Maluta et al, 2014); long polar fimbria (LPF) (Bardiau et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Virulence Genes in Specific Genotypes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Bai

Jin

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains are emerging enteropathogens that have been detected worldwide. A collection of 228 aEPEC strains (121 from diarrheal patients, 27 from healthy carriers, 47 from animals and 33 from raw meats) were investigated for serotypes, virulence gene profiles and phylogenetic relationships. Sixty-six O serogroups were identified. Serogroup O51 was the most prevalent, followed by O119, O26 and O76. For the 20 virulence genes detected, statistically significant differences were observed in the overall prevalence of efa1 (lifA), nleB, nleE, set/ent, paa, and ehxA genes among strains from diarrheal patients, healthy carriers, animals and raw meats, respectively. Strains from diarrheal patients had significantly higher levels of efa1 (lifA) (29.8 vs. 0%, P = 0.0002), nleB (41.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0004), nleE (43.8 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0002) and set/ent (41.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0004) genes than strains obtained from healthy carriers. The paa gene was identified more often in isolates from raw meats (63.6 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0001), animals (42.6 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0122), and diarrheal patients (36.4 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0225) than in strains obtained from healthy carriers. The ehxA gene was detected more frequently in strains from raw meats than in strains from diarrheal patients (27.3 vs. 2.5%, P = 0.0000) and healthy carriers (27.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0474). The phylogenetic marker, yjaA, was more frequently observed in strains among healthy carriers than in diarrheal patient strains. Among the 228 aEPEC strains, 79 sequence types (STs) were identified. The prominent STs, which comprised strains carrying the four OI-122 genes and lpfA, were ST40, ST328, and ST29. Overall, the results indicate that aEPEC strains isolated in China are highly heterogeneous. aEPEC strains that are potentially more pathogenic appear to be related to specific STs or clonal complexes and serotypes. The high prevalence of diarrhea-associated genes in animal or raw meat strains suggests a zoonotic transmission pathway for potentially human pathogenic aEPEC.

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Recent advances in adherence and invasion of pathogenic Escherichia coli

Cited by 51 publications

References 61 publications

Feeding modes shape the acquisition and structure of the initial gut microbiota in newborn lambs

Feeding modes shape the acquisition and structure of the initial gut microbiota in newborn lambs

Taxonomic Identification of Ruminal Epithelial Bacterial Diversity during Rumen Development in Goats

High Prevalence of Virulence Genes in Specific Genotypes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

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