Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC

Yu, Xingwen; Ye, Siyu

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.048

Cited by 1,043 publications

(482 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Moreover, Fig. 4d also shows that with increasing T c , a noticeable increase of the atomic ratio of C-C sp 2 /C-C sp 3 was obtained. This observation is in good agreement with the Raman results, disclosing that the major fraction of carbon species in NGPCs is sp 2 -hybridized owing to the aromatic nature of MeIM ligands in the ZIF-8 NCs precursor, thus rendering the carbonaceous materials electrical conducting.…”

Section: Designated As C-o/c-n C]o/c]n and O]c-o Respectively)mentioning

confidence: 71%

Highly graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanopolyhedra derived from ZIF-8 nanocrystals as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

et al. 2014

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Nitrogen-doped graphitic porous carbons (NGPCs) have been synthesized by using a zeolite-type nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) as a self-sacrificing template, which simultaneously acts as both the carbon and nitrogen sources in a facile carbonization process. The NGPCs not only retain the nanopolyhedral morphology of the parent NMOF, but also possess rich nitrogen, high surface area and hierarchical porosity with well-conducting networks. The promising potential of NGPCs as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in fuel cells is demonstrated. Compared with commercial Pt/C, the optimized NGPC-1000-10 (carbonized at 1000 C for 10 h) catalyst exhibits comparable electrocatalytic activity via an efficient four-electron-dominant ORR process coupled with superior methanol tolerance as well as cycling stability in alkaline media. Furthermore, the controlled experiments reveal that the optimum activity of NGPC-1000-10 can be attributed to the synergetic contributions of the abundant active sites with high graphitic-N portion, high surface area and porosity, and the high degree of graphitization. Our findings suggest that solely MOF-derived heteroatom-doped carbon materials can be a promising alternative for Pt-based catalysts in fuel cells.

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Section: Designated As C-o/c-n C]o/c]n and O]c-o Respectively)mentioning

confidence: 71%

Highly graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanopolyhedra derived from ZIF-8 nanocrystals as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

et al. 2014

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“…These highly crystalline nanocarbons have shown superior performance and durability due to their chemical stability, high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, compared to the classical carbon black supported catalysts [46][47][48]. High resistance to carbon corrosion is a fundamental benefit of utilizing highly graphitized carbon nanofibers and nanotubes rather than traditional carbon black for catalyst support when operating at elevated temperature and highly oxidizing environment in fuel cells [49].…”

Section: Preparation Of Cnms As Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Borghei

Azcune

Carrasco

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are great candidates for portable power source applications. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics are key challenges in DMFC technology. The state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are Pt-based catalysts supported on carbon black. However, the high price of Pt, corrosion of carbon support and Pt degradation are the main problems.In this thesis, carbon nanomaterials, namely few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) and graphitized nanofibers (GNFs) were used as catalyst supports in the search for stable and durable catalysts. PtRu nanocatalysts with similar particle size and composition were synthesized and deposited on FWCNTs and GNFs. The electrochemical activities for methanol oxidation were compared with that of PtRu-carbon black in acidic conditions. The half-cell electrochemical measurements revealed higher activity with PtRu-GNFs and PtRu-FWCNTs. Later, the electrocatalysts were tested in macro-and micro-DMFC. The results revealed the significant influence of the catalyst support, inomer contect, electrode structure, preparation method, as well as the fuel cell architecture on the performance of a specific electrode material. The results also highlighted the necessity of electrode composition optimization when applying new materials at the electrodes, in order to achieve the best activity and durability for a certain electrocatalyst.A special effort was also done to achieve Pt-free electrocatalysts with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by introducing nitrogen heteroatoms in carbon nanomaterials, namely FWCNTs and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). N-FWCNTs exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media, despite their very low nitrogen content (~0.5 at.%). N-FWCNTs performed on par or better than a commercial Pt-C at the cathode of an alkaline DMFC. The N-GNPs exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ORR compared to pristine GNPs in alkaline media. The results indicated that N-doped carbon nanomaterials could be promising alternatives to their Pt counterparts to reduce fuel cell costs. However, further investigations are necessary to ascertain the real active sites in order to design more efficient and durable ORR electrocatalysts.Keywords Carbon nanomaterials, PtRu catalysts, nitrogen-doping, direct methanol fuel cell ISBN (printed) 978-952-60-6140-5 ISBN (pdf) 978-952-60-6141-2

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“…Among the reasons for PEMFC degradation, loss of noble metal catalyst and corrosion of carbon supporting catalyst particles are two of the important failure modes for PEMFC [3,4]. Once the carbon supports are corroded, the catalysts lose their physical support, electrical contact, and balanced electrode structure, and consequently they have an overall decreased electrochemical active surface area [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization losses under dynamic load cycle using multiwall carbon nanotube supported Pt catalyst in PEM fuel cell

Irmawati¹,

Indriyati²,

Chaldun³

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Erratum: "Magnetocaloric effect in La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 nanotube arrays with broad working temperature span" [J. Appl. Phys. 117, 104304 (2016) Abstract. Durability is one of the most important issues that are still being a hindrance for commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this study, the degradation of PEMFC using multiwall carbon nanotube supported Pt catalyst (Pt/CNT) was investigated under dynamic load cycle procedure. The degradation was characterized by current density-voltage curves, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The load-cycle procedure was carried out for 50 cycles, where one cycle consisted of three steps (OCV-load current-constant voltage). An analysis of cell overpotentials indicated that the predominant source of performance degradation was due to ohmic losses, especially significant increase in the area specific resistance (R a ). After 50 cycles, R a was calculated three times higher than that before durability test, from 0.67 to 1.74 Ωcm 2 . Based on the results from SEM images and FTIR spectra, there was no evidence of membrane degradation or thinning. Noticeable degradation was only observed from the increase in the interface gap between membrane, catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer.

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Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC

Cited by 1,043 publications

References 99 publications

Highly graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanopolyhedra derived from ZIF-8 nanocrystals as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

Highly graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanopolyhedra derived from ZIF-8 nanocrystals as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Polarization losses under dynamic load cycle using multiwall carbon nanotube supported Pt catalyst in PEM fuel cell

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