Recent Advances in a Polydopamine-Mediated Antimicrobial Adhesion System

Abstract

The drug resistance developed by bacteria during antibiotic treatment has been a call to action for researchers and scientists across the globe, as bacteria and fungi develop ever increasing resistance to current drugs. Innovative antimicrobial/antibacterial materials and coatings to combat such infections have become a priority, as many infections are caused by indwelling implants (e.g., catheters) as well as improving postsurgical function and outcomes. Pathogenic microorganisms that can exist either in planktonic form or as biofilms in water-carrying pipelines are one of the sources responsible for causing water-borne infections. To combat this, researchers have developed nanotextured surfaces with bactericidal properties mirroring the topographical features of some natural antibacterial materials. Protein-based adhesives, secreted by marine mussels, contain a catecholic amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which, in the presence of lysine amino acid, empowers with the ability to anchor them to various surfaces in both wet and saline habitats. Inspired by these features, a novel coating material derived from a catechol derivative, dopamine, known as polydopamine (PDA), has been designed and developed with the ability to adhere to almost all kinds of substrates. Looking at the immense potential of PDA, this review article offers an overview of the recent growth in the field of PDA and its derivatives, especially focusing the promising applications as antibacterial nanocoatings and discussing various antimicrobial mechanisms including reactive oxygen species-mediated antimicrobial properties.

Physicochemical and Electrochemical Characterization of Electropolymerized Polydopamine Films: Influence of the Deposition Process

“…PDA films exhibit excellent adhesion properties [ 5 , 9 , 46 , 47 ], which can be quantitatively determined via AFM force spectroscopy. Up to now, force spectroscopy studies on PDA films have been predominantly used for films obtained via the chemical deposition route, e.g., for the determination of the contour length of polymeric chains [ 12 ].…”

Easy Preparation of Liposome@PDA Microspheres for Fast and Highly Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Water

“…On the basis of this finding, PDA and its derivatives have begun to find application in the most disparate fields of research, from the biomedical field to the energy, sensing, and environmental ones [ 13 ]. In the field of water treatment, PDA has found applications in the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants, due to its excellent adsorbing capacity [ 8 , 14 ], as well as in pathogenic microorganisms, thanks to its antibacterial and antifungal effects [ 15 ]. PDA, in fact, has numerous catechol and amino groups, as well as aromatic moieties that can bind both organic and inorganic pollutants through different types of interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and π-π interactions, and coordination or chelation bonding [ 13 ].…”

Facile fabrication and nanoscale assembly of polydopamine-functionalized, flexible chitosan films

“…30,33 Geometries such as PDA nanoparticles, nanofibers, coatings on films and hydrogels, and composites have been demonstrated for sensing, drug release, tissue engineering, reactive oxygen scavenging, adhesion between sheets, and antimicrobial applications. 34 Thus, surface modification of the materials with polydopamine leads to durable, nanoscale coatings that improve biocompatibility, and have useful chemical and electronic properties. 35 Keeping in mind advantageous properties achievable as a result of surface modification with polydopamine, this research work was undertaken to improve the performance of chitosan-based membranes.…”