Recent Advances in 100+nm Ultra-Wideband Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Introducing Load Aware Neural Networks for Accurate Predictions of Raman Amplifiers

“…Due to the fast increase in capacity demand, the need of moving towards multi-band systems, with occupation up to O+E+S+C+L [6], led to the resorting of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) based amplification schemes [7]. In particular, by increasing the number of pumps and properly tuning the pump powers and wavelengths, distributed Raman amplifiers (RAs) are able to provide gains over such large bands with low noise, an advantage with respect to other possible amplification solutions, as Semi-conductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) [8] and EDFAs [9].…”

Analysis of Available Components and Performance Estimation of Optical Multi-Band Systems

“…Finally, with the proposed amplification scheme, a capacity of 43.8 Tb/s can be attained for up to 15 nodes when PM-QPSK is employed, whilst between adjacent nodes, the overall capacity can reach up to 131.4 Tb/s. A direct benchmarking of these results with relevant experimental works [5,8,15,28] is not possible, as we consider different system details, such as the amplification range, existence of WSSs, etc. However, our results are aligned with the general trends in terms of capacity, due to which more than 100 Tb/s can be attained only in short links, e.g., less than a few hundreds of km, while in longer links, a capacity of less than 100 Tb/s can be achieved.…”

“…SOAs can be exploited in all bands, as shown in Table 3; however, they show some important drawbacks compared with the DFA family, such as the low saturated output power, the poor gain flatness, the significant transient effects, and the high-noise figure. On the other hand, SOAs are more compact and cheaper than EDFAs and a single SOA, as in [15], can restore the power of channels that are extended over 100 nm. Finally, SOAs as well as ytterbium (Y) DFAs can be exploited to unlock the beyond 1 µm spectral range of transmission.…”

Inter-band non-degenerate phase-sensitive amplification scheme for low-noise full C-band transmission

“…The parameters used in this calculation were as follows: a nonlinear coefficient of 70 /W/m, propagation loss in the OPA medium of 1 dB, medium length of 45 mm, pump power of 30 dBm, and signal power of −30 dBm. To suppress NF degradation to less than 0.5 dB, it is necessary to pre-emphasize the transmission power of the lossy band according to the propagation loss and the SRS so that the power difference is within 1 dB using wideband optical equalizers (OEQs) such as reported in [7]. The use of the S-band is a configuration example of our proposed scheme.…”