2023
DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666221028144416
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Recent Advances: From Cell Biology to Cell Therapy in Atherosclerosis Plaque via Stent Implantation

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial result of complicated pathophysiology. Changes in the expression of polygenes, coupled with environmental and lifestyle factors, trigger a cascade of adverse events involving a variety of cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. In this review, we summarize the function and therapeutic targets of atherosclerotic cells. This article reviews the role of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells in the develo… Show more

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“…Plaque vulnerability is a factor that should be at the center of interest for every sonographer because it has a direct impact on the patient's risk of a stroke [57]. The proper assessment of plaque instability should include the thickness of the fibrous cap, the size of the lipid-necrotic nucleus, ascertaining the presence of plaque neovascularization, determining the direction of atherosclerotic plaque remodeling, and ascertaining the presence of ulceration [58,59]. Vulnerability also defines the type of recommended treatment; it should be conservative in the case of stable plaques or interventional when it comes to unstable, ulcerated plaques [60].…”
Section: B-mode Us With Dopplermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plaque vulnerability is a factor that should be at the center of interest for every sonographer because it has a direct impact on the patient's risk of a stroke [57]. The proper assessment of plaque instability should include the thickness of the fibrous cap, the size of the lipid-necrotic nucleus, ascertaining the presence of plaque neovascularization, determining the direction of atherosclerotic plaque remodeling, and ascertaining the presence of ulceration [58,59]. Vulnerability also defines the type of recommended treatment; it should be conservative in the case of stable plaques or interventional when it comes to unstable, ulcerated plaques [60].…”
Section: B-mode Us With Dopplermentioning
confidence: 99%