Recent advances, challenges, and opportunities of inorganic nanoscintillators

Gupta, Santosh K.; Mao, Yuanbing

doi:10.1007/s12200-020-1003-5

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Chemistry plays the fundamental role in controlled synthesis of functional materials . There are many recent exemplary material inventions, − and all of their properties and applications strongly depend on synthesis methods. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on Molten Salt Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Review

2021

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A wide range of inorganic nanomaterials with many fascinating properties and application potentials in widespread fields may be synthesized by wet chemical synthetic routes. To achieve scientific and commercial viability of nanomaterials with uniformity and scalability, it is necessary to develop efficient and cost-effective, preferably sustainable, methods. The molten salt synthesis (MSS) method is one such bottom-up technique to fabricate a wide variety of inorganic nanomaterials with tunable size, morphology, and surface characteristics. It is also environmentally friendly, cost-effective, simple to operate, easy to scale, and generalizable, etc. This review gives a critical overview on this emerging and rapidly developing method for making defect free nanomaterials in well-defined texture, surface, and morphology at a relatively low formation temperature. We have discussed its different aspects, including the role of molten salts, the choice of molten salts, the electrochemical aspects, some advanced modifications of the conventional MSS technique, and their implications. To show the most recent development on MSS synthesized inorganic nanomaterials, this review only encompasses the studies reported over the last six years (2015−2020). We have summarized technologically important and emerging families of inorganic nanomaterials such as metal oxides, fluorides, nitrides, silicides, chalcogenides, oxohalides, borides, and carbides. Finally, a few perspectives for the MSS method are highlighted. It is expected that this review will further attract scientists to explore the MSS method in making size-and shape-tunable nanomaterials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on Molten Salt Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Review

2021

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“…The presence of trapping sites has been evidenced in inorganic crystalline scintillators, both intrinsic , and extrinsic, − as well as perovskite scintillators . The development of a new class of organic and hybrid systems as promising materials for a wide range of applications − led to significant advancements in the study of charge-trapping phenomena in organic polymers, nanocrystal quantum dots, and metal–organic frameworks . Furthermore, the formation of defect complexes has been discovered and ascribed to a close spatial correlation between intrinsic traps and dopant ions. , However, the relationship between the presence of defects and their effects on the scintillation process is not fully understood, preventing a targeted approach to the optimization of the synthesis procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping Mechanisms and Delayed Recombination Processes in Scintillating Ce-Doped Sol–Gel Silica Fibers

et al. 2021

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The carrier trapping and recombination mechanisms occurring in Ce-doped silica fibers, produced by a sol−gel technique, are investigated by combining temperature-dependent steady-state X-ray-excited luminescence, wavelength-and timeresolved scintillation measurements, and wavelength-resolved thermally stimulated luminescence, focusing especially on the temperature range from 10 to 320 K. The scintillation decay features a decay time of the order of tens of nanoseconds, characteristic of the parity-and spin-allowed 5d−4f radiative transition of Ce 3+ ions. In addition, a slow and complex decay contribution in the microsecond timescale is detected. We interpret these features as due to the radiative recombination at Ce centers of carriers freed from a continuous distribution of trapping sites in the forbidden gap as well as to the occurrence of an athermal tunneling recombination process between traps and Ce 3+ ions. This interpretation is reinforced by good agreement between independent evaluations of trap depths and lifetimes obtained by both the numerical analysis of scintillation time decays and thermally stimulated luminescence experiments.

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“…In the literature, radioluminescence (RL) measurements are mostly focused on single crystals owing to their high transparency and superior energy conversion efficiency. 10 However, single crystal growth is very tedious, costly, and time taking and needs very specialized laboratories and experimental facilities. On the other hand, many scintillating materials can be useful in powder form as well, such as in X-ray intensifier screens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting Light from BaHfO₃/Eu³⁺ through Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Heat Stimulation: An Optically Multifunctional Perovskite

et al. 2022

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Materials with optical multifunctionality such as photoluminescence (PL), radioluminescence, and thermoluminescence (TL) are a boon for a sustainable society. BaHfO3 (barium hafnium oxide [BHO]) under UV irradiation demonstrated visible PL endowed by oxygen vacancies (OVs). Eu3+ doping in BHO (BHOE) introduces f-state impurity levels just below the conduction band for both Eu@Ba and Eu@Hf sites, causing efficient host-to-dopant energy transfer, generating intense 5D0 → 7F1 magnetic dipole transitions (MDT) with internal quantum yield of ∼70%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance showed the formation of OVs in both BHO and BHOE samples with more vacancies in the doped sample. The positron lifetime measurements suggested that Eu3+ ions are distributed at both Ba2+ and Hf4+ sites. The association of OVs with Hf4+ and Eu3+ ions due to high charge/radius ratio is considered to be responsible for lowering the symmetry around Eu3+ ions to C 4v in BHOE. Density functional theory studies of defect formation energy justified the same. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy showed distinct spectra for Eu@Ba and Eu@Hf sites corresponding to symmetric and asymmetric environments, respectively. This could be highly relevant in designing color tunable phosphor by forcing dopant ions at one specific site because Eu@Ba displayed orange emission whereas Eu@Hf displayed red emission. We could further harness BHOE for X-ray scintillator application by designing a thin film, which showed efficient conversion of high-energy X-ray into visible light. Under beta irradiation; both BHO and BHOE showed distinct TL glow curves as shallow traps were formed in the former and deep traps in the latter, which could have long-term implications in harnessing this material for persistent luminescence. We believe that BHO/BHOE demonstrated an extraordinary credential as a perovskite for multifunctional applications in the area of defect-induced light emission, UV phosphor, X-ray scintillator, and TL crystals.

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Recent advances, challenges, and opportunities of inorganic nanoscintillators

Cited by 46 publications

References 195 publications

Recent Developments on Molten Salt Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Review

Recent Developments on Molten Salt Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Review

Trapping Mechanisms and Delayed Recombination Processes in Scintillating Ce-Doped Sol–Gel Silica Fibers

Harvesting Light from BaHfO₃/Eu³⁺ through Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Heat Stimulation: An Optically Multifunctional Perovskite

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Recent advances, challenges, and opportunities of inorganic nanoscintillators

Cited by 46 publications

References 195 publications

Recent Developments on Molten Salt Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Review

Recent Developments on Molten Salt Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Review

Trapping Mechanisms and Delayed Recombination Processes in Scintillating Ce-Doped Sol–Gel Silica Fibers

Harvesting Light from BaHfO3/Eu3+ through Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Heat Stimulation: An Optically Multifunctional Perovskite

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Harvesting Light from BaHfO₃/Eu³⁺ through Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Heat Stimulation: An Optically Multifunctional Perovskite