Recent advances based on the synergetic effect of adsorption for removal of dyes from waste water using photocatalytic process

Synthesis and Application of Fe-Doped TiO2-Halloysite Nanotubes Composite and Their Potential Application in Water Treatment

“…e number of people not having access to safe water is expected to grow due to increased water contamination from industrial and human activities. e major pollutants found in surface and ground water bodies include water-soluble dyes [3], pharmaceutical waste [4], agrochemicals [5], heavy metals [6], microorganisms [7], and hydrocarbons [8]. e presence of these pollutants may have a detrimental effect on aquatic species and humans that utilize the contaminated water in their daily activities.…”

“…e primary treatment technology includes physical and chemical purification processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and coagulation, while the secondary treatment technology includes biological purification processes such as aerobic and anaerobic processes. On the contrary, oxidation and advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, distillation, and solvent extraction can be categorized under tertiary treatment technologies [3,11]. e right method to be adopted during water treatment is dependent on the extent of pollution and the nature of the pollutant.…”

“…e pollutants are degraded into innocuous compounds such as H 2 O, CO 2 , and mineral acids [12]. AOPs which include sonolysis, Fenton processes, photocatalysis, and the use of UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide are nontoxic and economical and can degrade different types of organic pollutants [3]. Photocatalysis is one of the most widely studied AOPs, and its potential in the degradation of dyes has been examined on different photocatalysts such as TiO 2 [13], Ag 3 PO 4 [14], TiO 2 -Ag [15], and ZnO [16].…”

“…e synergistic effect that resulted from the adsorption properties of activated carbon (AC) powders and photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 has been reported. e AC-TiO 2 composite recorded an enhanced photocatalytic and pollutant removal efficiency when compared with that of pristine TiO 2 [3,21]. e synergistic relationship between adsorption and photocatalysis has been further examined by Sun et al using the TiO 2 -sulfanyl-AC composite [22].…”

Dissociation of Basic Dyes by Advanced Oxidation: Theoretical Study by DFT Calculations

“…These dyes are characterized by good resistance and chemical stability 4 , they are also resistant to light, high temperature (heat) and oxidizing agents 5 . The resistance of basic dyes to the processes of advanced oxidation is due to the electron-acceptor groups forming part of their backbones 6 . It is for this reason that these dyes are considered as non-biodegradable molecules 7 .…”