Recent Advances and Perspectives on Calcium‐Ion Storage: Key Materials and Devices

Abstract

The urgent demand for cost‐effective energy storage devices for large‐scale applications has led to the development of several beyond‐lithium energy storage systems (EESs). Among them, calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are attractive due to abundant calcium resources, excellent volumetric and gravimetric capacities of Ca metal anode, and potential high energy density coming from the multivalent feature of Ca‐ion. Therefore, the exploration of CIBs electrode materials and the construction of CIBs devices are gaining increasing research interest. Relevant publications cover a wide range of materials by both theoretical and experimental investigations, whereas the performances of rocking‐chair CIBs have been unsatisfactory. Meanwhile, multi‐ion strategies using more than one ion as the charge carrier have been demonstrated to be feasible and promising options in realizing room temperature CIBs. The summary and reflection of previous studies would provide useful information for future exploration and optimization. In this circumstance, this paper overviews the reported CIBs electrode materials, including both anode and cathode, and presents the latest progress of multi‐ion strategies in CIBs. Fundamental challenges, potential solutions, and opportunities are accordingly proposed, mimicking other more mature EESs. This review may promote the development of electrode materials and accelerate the construction of low‐cost and high‐performance CIBs.

Asymmetric polyhedron structured NiSe2@MoSe2 device for use as a supercapacitor

“…Many researches highly concerned on the progress of storage system energetically responses prompt application [1,2]. When compared to various energy storage devices, electrochemical capacitors also called supercapacitor has come forward because of power density [3,4], long term service life [5,6] and low cost of the significant importance [7,8].…”

Cathode Design for Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Meanwhile, it needs further investigation whether the Ca metal dendrites will form during the cycling. [ 185 ] In addition, although Ca 2+ ions possess the same charge density to Li + (52 C mm −3 ), its ionic radius (1 Å) is significantly larger than other multivalent metal charge carriers (Table 1). Therefore, it is highly challenging to design and synthesis cathode materials with large and flexible channels for Ca 2+ diffusion.…”

Ionic Liquid-Based Gels for Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices: A Review of Recent Progress and Future Prospects

“…Ca-ion batteries are a prospect for a broad field of research, and there is much scope for the development of electrodes and electrolytes that enable stable long-term battery operation [ 99 ]. Due to this promising alternative to post-Li batteries that are more cost-effective and can be applied on a large scale, various designs of Ca batteries have been devised to facilitate research [ 100 , 101 ]. For the first time, liquid GPEs were used as electrolytes and separators in Ca-ion batteries at room temperature.…”