Recent advances and current controversies in genetic testing for personalized nutrition

García‐Bailo, Bibiana; El‐Sohemy, Ahmed

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000763

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Our findings are in agreement with these previous findings and add to the evidence that CVD risk factors may be modifiable in young adults with high risk 9p21 genotypes. It is also important to note that these findings could explain previous inconsistencies linking one-size-fits-all dietary interventions to CVD outcomes (Jenkins et al, 2017) and might warrant a more personalized approach to dietary interventions to prevent CVD (Garcia-Bailo and El-Sohemy, 2021). We also acknowledge that replication of these analyses in other cohorts would add to the body of evidence.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 68%

Genetic variation in 9p21, dietary patterns, and insulin sensitivity

2022

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Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 9p21 region have been associated with cardiovascular disease and to a lesser extent insulin sensitivity. Previous studies have focused on older populations, and few have examined the impact of gene-diet interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction between dietary patterns and 9p21 genotypes on insulin sensitivity in young adults from different ethnic groups.Methods: Subjects were 1,333 participants aged 20–29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study (405 men and 928 women; 776 Caucasians and 557 East Asians). Fasting blood was collected to measure glucose, insulin, c-reactive protein and serum lipids, as well as to isolate DNA for genotyping subjects for five SNPs in 9p21 (rs10757274, rs10757278, rs1333049, rs2383206, and rs4977574). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell dysfunction (HOMA-Beta) were calculated from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations. The Toronto-modified Harvard 196-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intake over 1 month and principal components analysis was used to identify three dietary patterns (Prudent, Western and Eastern). ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to examine gene-diet interactions on markers of insulin sensitivity.Results: Significant gene-diet interactions on insulin sensitivity using HOMA-IR were observed with all five SNPs, which remained significant after adjusting for covariates (p < 0.05). Among those who were homozygous for the 9p21 risk allele (rs1333049), fasting insulin was 40% higher in those who were consuming a low-prudent diet compared to those consuming a high-prudent diet (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between those following a low versus high-prudent diet among those who did not carry a 9p21 risk allele. Similar findings were observed with HOMA-Beta, however, the association was only significant for rs10757274 (p = 0.04).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a prudent dietary pattern may protect against the effects of 9p21 risk genotypes on insulin sensitivity.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 68%

Genetic variation in 9p21, dietary patterns, and insulin sensitivity

2022

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“…Therefore, an ideal prediction tool for precision nutrition will take these interactions into account. Finally, while genotyping can be an effective tool on its own, its main limitation comes from the fact that the genetic code alone does not provide information on gene expression, itself influenced by nutrients [34,35]. Consequently, complementing genetic testing with other methods would be beneficial for the implementation of precision nutrition in CVD prevention.…”

Section: Potential and Limitations Of Genotyping For Precision Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Nutrition for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Desjardins

Vohl

2023

Lifestyle Genomics

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, making their prevention a major challenge for modern society. For decades, treatments aimed at reducing CVD risk factors through nutritional recommendations and medications have had variable success. One of the main reasons behind this is the interindividual variability in response to drugs and nutritional interventions. The development of genomics has allowed the discovery of genetic variants influencing drug and food response, leading to more personalized treatments in the form of precision medicine and precision nutrition. The latter is based on the principle that one diet does not fit all and the need to stratify individuals into subgroups based on their response to nutrients. Despite showing great promise in pushing forward the field of nutrition, health professionals have very little knowledge of precision nutrition, even though the general population is showing interest in more personalized nutritional guidance. Summary: This review aims to provide an overview of key sources of interindividual variability observed in CVD risk factors in response to nutritional interventions. Despite some limitations, genetic testing is a mature predictive tool that should be at the forefront of tailored nutrition recommendations for CVD prevention. Although the epigenome-diet relationship shows great promise, it is still too early in its development to allow for its clinical deployment. Metabolomics has the potential to enhance genetic testing by complementing traditional self-reported dietary intake instruments as well as a very promising metabotyping method. Microbiome phenotyping, despite its complexity, provides a wealth of information on the health status of the host and its response to nutrients. Finally, current applications are discussed and an outline of the required steps for a successful implementation of precision nutrition in clinical practice as a tool for CVD prevention is presented. Key Messages: Precision nutrition is the cornerstone of a promising approach offering targeted nutritional recommendations for CVD prevention.

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“…A recent update on personalised nutrition [31] noted several points around the use of genetic information for optimising nutritional advice. These included the need to select appropriate genetic variants, the greater affordability and accessibility of genetic tests (as opposed to more complex omics analyses) for implementing in practice, and the fact that evidence from randomised trials shows that DNA-based personalised advice is more effective at modifying behaviour than more general advice, or even personalised advice without a genetic component.…”

Section: Uptake Of Nutrigenetics In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics Research in New Zealand, and Its Relevance and Application to Gastrointestinal Health

Ferguson

Barnett

2022

Nutrients

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Nutrigenomics New Zealand (NuNZ) was a collaborative research programme built among three organisations—the University of Auckland, AgResearch Limited and Plant & Food Research. The programme ran for ten years, between 2004 and 2014, and was tasked with developing the then emerging field of nutrigenomics, investigating its applications to New Zealand, and potential benefits to the plant food and agricultural sectors. Since the beginning of the programme, nutrigenomics was divided into two fields—nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. The first of these is now more commonly called personalised nutrition, and has recently been recognised and criticised by elements of the dietetics and management sector in New Zealand, who currently do not appear to fully appreciate the evolving nature of the field, and the differing validity of various companies offering the tests that form the basis of this personalisation. Various science laboratories are utilising “omics” sciences, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics and the comprehensive analysis of microbial communities such as the gut microbiota, in order to understand the mechanisms by which certain food products and/or diets relevant to New Zealand, confer a health benefit, and the nature of potential health claims that may be made on the basis of this information. In this article, we give a brief overview of the nutrigenomics landscape in New Zealand since the end of the NuNZ programme, with a particular focus on gastrointestinal health.

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Recent advances and current controversies in genetic testing for personalized nutrition

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic variation in 9p21, dietary patterns, and insulin sensitivity

Genetic variation in 9p21, dietary patterns, and insulin sensitivity

Precision Nutrition for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics Research in New Zealand, and Its Relevance and Application to Gastrointestinal Health

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