Recent advances and applications of random lasers and random fiber lasers

Directional and Polarized Lasing Action on Pb‐free FASnI3 Integrated in Flexible Optical Waveguides

“…In spite of the lower quality of FASnI 3 on PET, the values of ASE/RL thresholds found in the present work (1.5/3 µJ cm −2 ) are still remarkably lower than values reported for other semiconductor materials. For example, a typical RL threshold of ≈1 mJ cm −2 is usually reported for dyes [ 13,15 ] or colloidal quantum dots, [ 60,62 ] in both cases prepared as thin films on rigid substrates. In the case of LPs, the threshold of RL is reduced down to 1–10 µJ cm −2 in the case of thin films deposited on rigid substrates, [ 41,42,44,45,63,64 ] but it increases up to 0.1–1 mJ cm −2 for similar films on flexible ones (polyimide, Ni foam).…”

“…Moreover, the use of nontoxic materials to be in contact with human skin or tissues should also be a requirement for the potential biomedical applications of this sort of future optoelectronic/photonic sensing devices. [ 13–16 ] Fortunately, lead‐free perovskites (LFP) have opened promising routes for such a new generation of ecofriendly optical sources, [ 17 ] as an alternative to the lead halide perovskite (LP) families. Nevertheless, although LPs have been consolidated as excellent optical gain materials for traditional resonators [ 18–21 ] or random lasing (RL), [ 22 ] the use of LFPs for developing lasers or optical amplifiers is still at its infancy.…”

“…Moreover, the use of nontoxic materials to be in contact with human skin or tissues should also be a requirement for the potential biomedical applications of this sort of future optoelectronic/photonic sensing devices. [13][14][15][16] Fortunately, lead-free perovskites (LFP) have opened promising routes for such a new generation of ecofriendly optical sources, [17] as an alternative to the lead halide perovskite (LP) families. Nevertheless, although…”

Tunable Plasmonic Random Laser Based on Emitters Coupled to Plasmonic Resonant Nanocavities of Silver Nanorod Arrays

“…Random lasers, different from conventional lasers that are based on cavity mirror feedback, are generated by multiple light scattering associated with a disordered optically gain medium. [1][2][3] Owning to the advantages of random lasers such as simplicity, small size and low spatial coherence, [4][5][6] such lasers have been extensively studied in various fields including speckle-free imaging, [4,7] super-resolution spectroscopy, [8] information security, [9] sensing, [10,11] and biomedical. [12] Nevertheless, controlling the emission wavelength of random lasers is still challenging due to the absence of optical cavity, which limits their applications in some fields such as medical detection, [13] photonic crystals, [14,15] and high-precision sensors.…”

Photonics bridges between turbulence and spin glass phenomena in the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics

“…RFLs are the quasi one-dimensional realization 5 of random lasers (RLs), a class of disordered photonic systems proposed early in 1968 but unambiguously demonstrated only in 1994, as reviewed in 6 . RLs differ from conventional lasers as their operation does not require a conventional optical cavity.…”