Recent advancements on non-platinum based catalyst electrode material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a mini techno-economic review

Madheswaran, Dinesh Kumar; Jayakumar, Arunkumar

doi:10.1007/s12034-021-02572-6

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In the present work, an assessment is performed on those degradation mechanisms that can lead to the failure of MEA components of DMFC. Nevertheless, similar assessments have been already performed by several researchers that largely focus on hydrogen-based PEMFCs [64][65][66][67]. Though the degradation of DMFC is similar to hydrogen-based PEMFCs, there are significant alterations that have to be assessed.…”

Section: Mea Degradation and Mitigation Strategies In Dmfcmentioning

confidence: 83%

A Critical Assessment on Functional Attributes and Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Electrode Assembly Components in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2021

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are typically a subset of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that possess benefits such as fuel flexibility, reduction in plant balance, and benign operation. Due to their benefits, DMFCs could play a substantial role in the future, specifically in replacing Li-ion batteries for portable and military applications. However, the critical concern with DMFCs is the degradation and inadequate reliability that affect the overall value chain and can potentially impede the commercialization of DMFCs. As a consequence, a reliability assessment can provide more insight into a DMFC component’s attributes. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the integral component of the DMFC stack. A comprehensive understanding of its functional attributes and degradation mechanism plays a significant role in its commercialization. The methanol crossover through the membrane, carbon monoxide poisoning, high anode polarization by methanol oxidation, and operating parameters such as temperature, humidity, and others are significant contributions to MEA degradation. In addition, inadequate reliability of the MEA impacts the failure mechanism of DMFC, resulting in poor efficiency. Consequently, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of several factors leading to the MEA degradation mechanism in order to develop a holistic understanding.

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Section: Mea Degradation and Mitigation Strategies In Dmfcmentioning

confidence: 83%

A Critical Assessment on Functional Attributes and Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Electrode Assembly Components in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2021

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“…The high cost of active electrocatalyst materials and their poor durability at PEMFC operation conditions are the major challenges facing the large-scale commercialisation of PEMFC (Borup et al, 2020). In addition, it has been reported that the membrane electrode assembly parameters have significant impact on the efficiency of the PEMFC stack (Majlan et al, 2018;Madheswaran and Jayakumar, 2021). Hence, improving the efficiency of PEMFC by rational selection of cost-effective materials is essential to achieve the hydrogen economy potential as an alternative to fossil fuel in electricity generation, fuel for vehicles and industrial processes (Egeland-Eriksen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A brief review

Alabi

Popoola

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Energy is a requisite factor for technological advancement and the economic development of any society. Currently, global energy demand and supply largely rely on fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels as a source of energy has caused severe environmental pollution and global warming. To salvage the dire situation, research effort is geared toward the utilization of clean, renewable and sustainable energy sources and the hydrogen energy economy is among the most preferred choices. Hydrogen energy economy, which includes hydrogen production, storage and conversion has gained wide consideration as an ecofriendly future energy solution with a fuel cell as its conversion device. Fuel cells, especially, the proton exchange membrane category, present a promising technology that converts hydrogen directly into electricity with great efficiency and no hazardous emissions. Unfortunately, the current generation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells faces some drawbacks that prevent them from large-scale market adoption. These challenges include the high costs and durability concerns of catalyst materials. The main source of high cost in fuel cells is the platinum catalyst used in the electrodes, particularly at the cathode where the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics require high loading of precious metals. Many research efforts on proton exchange membrane fuel cells are directed to reduce the device cost by reducing or completely replacing the platinum metal loading using alternative low-cost materials with “platinum-like” catalytic behaviour while maintaining high power performance and durability. Consequently, this review attempts to highlight recent research efforts to replace platinum and carbon support with other cost-effective and durable materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts. Overview of promising materials such as alloy-based (binary, ternary, quaternary and high-entropy alloys), single atom and metal-free electrocatalysts were discussed, as the research areas are still in their infancy and have many open questions that need to be answered to gain insight into their intrinsic requirements that will inform the recommendation for outlook in selecting them as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

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“…Opinions are divided on whether the availability of Pt is a bottleneck for the automotive industry and in clean energy technologies [ 3 , 17 ], but it is clear that the widespread use of PEM fuel cells is currently strongly influenced by its price. It has been calculated that electrodes account for nearly half of the cost [ 2 , 18 , 19 ], while the catalyst itself accounts for about 40% of the total cost [ 17 ]. Extensive research is underway worldwide to develop less expensive PEM fuel cells and/or increase the lifetime of PEM fuel cells, an important area of which is catalyst development [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One direction is the study of non-platinum-based catalyst electrode materials [ 18 ], the other is to reduce the amount of platinum by increasing its utilization [ 20 ]. Many studies are aimed at investigating the degradation of the most widely used Pt/C catalysts regarding both metal nanoparticles [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] and carbon supports [ 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Properties of Mixed-Oxide-Containing Composite-Supported Platinum for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

et al. 2022

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TiO2-based mixed oxide–carbon composite supports have been suggested to provide enhanced stability for platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) to the mixed oxide is known to increase the CO tolerance of the electrocatalyst. In this work Pt catalysts, supported on Ti1−xMoxO2–C composites with a 25/75 oxide/carbon mass ratio and prepared from different carbon materials (C: Vulcan XC-72, unmodified and functionalized Black Pearls 2000), were compared in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a commercial Pt/C reference catalyst in order to assess the influence of the support on the electrocatalytic behavior. Our aim was to perform electrochemical studies in preparation for fuel cell tests. The ORR kinetic parameters from the Koutecky–Levich plot suggested a four-electron transfer per oxygen molecule, resulting in H2O. The similarity between the Tafel slopes suggested the same reaction mechanism for electrocatalysts supported by these composites. The HOR activity of the composite-supported electrocatalysts was independent of the type of carbonaceous material. A noticeable difference in the stability of the catalysts appeared only after 5000 polarization cycles; the Black Pearl-containing sample showed the highest stability.

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Recent advancements on non-platinum based catalyst electrode material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a mini techno-economic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 125 publications

A Critical Assessment on Functional Attributes and Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Electrode Assembly Components in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

A Critical Assessment on Functional Attributes and Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Electrode Assembly Components in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Materials for electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A brief review

Electrocatalytic Properties of Mixed-Oxide-Containing Composite-Supported Platinum for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

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