Recent Advancements on COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman; Abdulateef, Darya Saeed; Hussen, Narmin Hamaamin; Salih, Aso Faiq; Othman, Hemn Hassan; Abdulla, Trifa Mahmood; Omer, Sherko Ali; Mohammed, Talar Hamaali; Mohammed, Mohammed Omar; Aziz, Masrur S.; Abdullah, Rasedee

doi:10.2147/ijgm.s339475

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 235 publications

(231 reference statements)

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a rapidly spreading infection regarded by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. 1,2 SARS-CoV2 is an enclosed RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae and is frequently spherical on electron microscopy imaging. 3 Certain ABO blood groups have been reported as risk factors for COVID-19 disease in several recent studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study

et al. 2022

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Objective The role of ABO types and RhD antigen in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity has been investigated in several recent studies. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the relationship of ABO and RhD types with symptomatic COVID-19 disease and determine the groups associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Methods This observational case-control study was performed in 530 Iraqi-Kurdish patients with COVID-19. Among them, 184 were severe cases that required hospitalization, while 346 were mild to moderate cases that were treated at home. ABO and RhD antigen groups were compared between cases and 1698 control records from 1 year before the pandemic. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on real-time polymerase chain reaction tests and high-resolution chest computed tomography scans with the typical clinical presentation. Results There were no significant differences in ABO and RhD antigen distributions between the COVID-19 cases and non-COVID controls. No ABO group was associated with the risk of hospitalization as a marker of the severity of infection. Conclusions There was no significant association between symptomatic COVID-19 disease and any ABO group or RhD antigen type. No impact of ABO groups on hospitalization was documented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study

et al. 2022

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“…The novel COVID-19 was identified first in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019, and the WHO declared the outbreak of this pandemic respiratory illness as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern [20]. In the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the first case was detected on March 1, 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering COVID-19 Severity: Assessing FGF-18, WNT-5A, IL-17, and IL-33 Levels in the Infected Patients

Muhammed,

Smail,

Amin

2023

JZS

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Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes an infectious disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: To test some biomarkers (Fibroblastic growth factor (FGF)-18, wingless-related integration site (WNT-5A), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-33 to predict the severity of COVID-19. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 180 participants (90 healthy control and 90 COVID-19-positive patients) at the emergency units of the hospitals in four cities of Northern Iraq from July 01 to December 01, 2021. The obtained serum from collected blood was tested to determine IL-17, IL-33, FGF-18, and WNT-5 levels using the ELISA technique. Additionally, CRP concentration was measured using immunoturbidimetry on Cobas c311. Results: Regarding the sociodemographic data, most moderately infected patients were aged 46-64 years and were males (35.6%, 64.4%, respectively). The most severely infected patients were older than 65 years and were females (60%). The highest mean serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (59.53±40.06 mg/dl), IL-17 (36.90±22.61 pg/ml), FGF-18 (179.8±291.37 pg/mL), IL-33 (248.11±506.71 pg/ml) were reported among the severely infected patients, while the highest mean serum level of WNT-5A was observed among moderately infected patients (5.03±5.73 ng/ml). Regarding the correlations between biomarkers, in moderately infected patients, a negative correlation between CRP and IL-33; CRP and IL-17 was observed, with a positive correlation between IL-33 and IL-17. Conversely, no correlations were seen between IL-33 and WNT-5 whereas correlations between IL-33 and IL-17 were seen in severely infected individuals. Simultaneously, a correlation between the patient’s body mass index (BMI) and CRP was detected. Conclusions: The disease was more severe among elderly, females, and overweight patients. All biomarkers, except WNT-5A, were significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19.

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“…For a cell to become infected, the virus must connect to it and penetrate it. The virus will be successfully rendered inactive by blocking the first two phases. − …”

Section: Biological Activity Of C-dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dot Based Carbon Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Anticancer Agents

Hussen,

Hasan,

FaqiKhedr

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs are widely used due to increasing widespread infectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacterial, fungal, viral agents, or cancer cells, which are one of the major causes of mortality globally. Nevertheless, several microorganisms developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of genetic changes that have occurred over an extended period. Carbon-based materials, particularly carbon dots (C-dots), are potential candidates for antibacterial and anticancer nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high dispersibility in aqueous conditions, and promising biocompatibility. In this Review, the content is divided into four sections. The first section concentrates on C-dot structures, surface functionalization, and morphology. Following that, we summarize C-dot classifications and preparation methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, and so on. The antimicrobial applications of C-dots as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents both in vivo and in vitro are discussed. Finally, we thoroughly examined the anticancer activity displayed by C-dots.

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Recent Advancements on COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 235 publications

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study

Deciphering COVID-19 Severity: Assessing FGF-18, WNT-5A, IL-17, and IL-33 Levels in the Infected Patients

Carbon Dot Based Carbon Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Anticancer Agents

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