Recent advancements of miRNAs in the treatment of bone diseases and their delivery potential

Micro Ribonucleic Acid−29a (miR−29a) Antagonist Normalizes Bone Metabolism in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) Mice Model

“…These clinically unmet needs urged us to search for alternative therapies that could strengthen the bone quality of OI patients. The miRNAs harbor substantial potential to serve as therapeutic agents in bone disorders because of their capacity to regulate the translation of proteins by applying a variety of methods (e.g., degradation of mRNAs or deadenylation of mRNAs) and to overcome the side effects secondary to the administration of drug molecules of interest [11]. The miRNAs can also disturb the function of ribosomes, followed by the destruction of specific nascent polypeptides [11].…”

“…The miRNAs harbor substantial potential to serve as therapeutic agents in bone disorders because of their capacity to regulate the translation of proteins by applying a variety of methods (e.g., degradation of mRNAs or deadenylation of mRNAs) and to overcome the side effects secondary to the administration of drug molecules of interest [11]. The miRNAs can also disturb the function of ribosomes, followed by the destruction of specific nascent polypeptides [11]. Moreover, they could be delivered very easily to the site of infection, a limitation of employing conventional therapeutics [11].…”

“…The miRNAs can also disturb the function of ribosomes, followed by the destruction of specific nascent polypeptides [11]. Moreover, they could be delivered very easily to the site of infection, a limitation of employing conventional therapeutics [11]. In addition, 39.7% of miRNAs are tissue-specific, making tissue-specific expression possible [30].…”

“…Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are the noncoding short single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) with 18-24 nucleotides mediating the silencing of target gens in the post-transcriptional level [9,10]. Recent studies have elaborated many facts suggesting the close relationship of miRNAs in the processes of bone formation, growth, and remodeling [11]. For example, miR-34, miR-182, miR-199, miR-214, and miR-2861 are associated with osteoblast functions during postnatal skeletal development [12].…”

“…Moreover, the dysregulation of miRNA expression is correlated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (e.g., miR-16, miR-124a, and miR-155); osteoarthritis (e.g., miR-34a, miR-181a, and miR-455-3p); and osteoporosis (e.g., miR-133a, miR-138, and miR-214) [12]. Considering the facts mentioned above, miR-NAs are being considered as a new generation of therapeutics for bone diseases [11]. Moreover, microRNAs have also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI [13,14], and serum microRNAs have been suggested as a promising biomarker for OI [15].…”