Recent Advancements in Subcellular Proteomics: Growing Impact of Organellar Protein Niches on the Understanding of Cell Biology

Abstract

The mammalian cell is a complex entity, with membrane-bound and membrane-less organelles playing vital roles in regulating cellular homeostasis. Organellar protein niches drive discrete biological processes and cell functions, thus maintaining cell equilibrium. Cellular processes such as signaling, growth, proliferation, motility, and programmed cell death require dynamic protein movements between cell compartments. Aberrant protein localization is associated with a wide range of diseases. Therefore, analyzing the subcellular proteome of the cell can provide a comprehensive overview of cellular biology. With recent advancements in mass spectrometry, imaging technology, computational tools, and deep machine learning algorithms, studies pertaining to subcellular protein localization and their dynamic distributions are gaining momentum. These studies reveal changing interaction networks because of "moonlighting proteins" and serve as a discovery tool for disease network mechanisms. Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive repository for recent advancements in subcellular proteomics subcontexting methods, challenges, and future perspectives for method developers. In summary, subcellular proteomics is crucial to the understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms and the associated diseases.

Celebrating Women in Proteomics and Metabolomics

“…This Special Issue is further enriched by the inclusion of several review articles that touch on different areas of these fields of study. Vanya Bhushan and Aleksandra Nita-Lazar present an overview of advances in subcellular proteomics, while Chase Skawinski and Priya Shah highlight important considerations when performing protein–protein interaction studies . Liya Popova, Rachel Carr, and Valerie Carabetta provide an update view of the importance of post-translational modifications in bacteria, with an emphasis on lysine acetylation and its mechanisms of regulation .…”