Recent advancements in sampling, power management strategies and development in applications for non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors

Progress in Data Acquisition of Wearable Sensors

“…Alternatively, enhancing the power supply can solve the energy problem including using batteries with a high energy density [ 145 ] and fast charging capability [ 146 , 147 ], as well as applying self-powered designs that sensors obtain energy from the behavior of wearer [ 148 , 149 ], body temperature [ 150 , 151 ], body fluids [ 152 ], friction[ 153 ], raindrop [ 154 ], and sunlight [ 155 ]. In addition to using high-performance batteries, power management strategies provide support to improve the battery life of compact wearable sensors further [ 156 ]. Established power management strategies allow for waking up specific nodes of the sensor network [ 157 ] or turning on data transmission under ideal conditions [ 158 ].…”

Microfluidic nanodevices for drug sensing and screening applications

“…Electrochemical (EC) biosensors have shown advantages such as simple instrumentation, high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, easy integration, and miniaturization ( Silvestrini et al, 2015 ). Hence, electrochemical microfluidic biosensors are frequently used in drug screening ( Teymourian et al, 2020 ) and biomolecule detection ( Lee et al, 2018 ; Tiwari et al, 2022 ). Here, we emphasize microfluidics-based drug sensing and screening based on electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), amperometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).…”

Current development of stretchable self-powered technology based on nanomaterials toward wearable biosensors in biomedical applications

“…The published self-powered technologies mainly involve two typical types: self-powered sensors and self-powered integrated sensing systems (Ouyang et al, 2021;Tiwari et al, 2022). Self-powered sensors directly Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org transform physical, chemical, or biological fluctuations from the surrounding environment/organisms into electrical information, while self-powered integrated sensing systems need to harvest energy and store it before utilizing it to power the integrated sensor.…”

“…These signals provide essential information on the human body’s health status ( Zhang et al, 2021b ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022a ; Jackson et al, 2022 ; Kukkar et al, 2022 ). Biosensors’ accuracy, flexibility, stretchability, lightness, and portability have been much improved based on newly developed fabrication techniques and sensing technologies ( Guo et al, 2021 ; Tiwari et al, 2022 ). However, miniaturized biosensors such as epidermal sensors, tattoo sensors, and tactile sensors usually present limited size and thickness ( Gao et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ).…”