Recent advancements in molecular marker-assisted selection and applications in plant breeding programmes

Abstract

Background DNA markers improved the productivity and accuracy of classical plant breeding by means of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The enormous number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping read for different plant species have given a plenitude of molecular marker-gene associations. Main body of the abstract In this review, we have discussed the positive aspects of molecular marker-assisted selection and its precise applications in plant breeding programmes. Molecular marker-assisted selection has considerably shortened the time for new crop varieties to be brought to the market. To explore the information about DNA markers, many reviews have been published in the last few decades; all these reviews were intended by plant breeders to obtain information on molecular genetics. In this review, we intended to be a synopsis of recent developments of DNA markers and their application in plant breeding programmes and devoted to early breeders with little or no knowledge about the DNA markers. The progress made in molecular plant breeding, plant genetics, genomics selection, and editing of genome contributed to the comprehensive understanding of DNA markers and provides several proofs on the genetic diversity available in crop plants and greatly complemented plant breeding devices. Short conclusion MAS has revolutionized the process of plant breeding with acceleration and accuracy, which is continuously empowering plant breeders around the world.

Dissecting the Molecular Basis for Genetic Improvement of Rice

“…Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a new technology with the rapid development of modern molecular biology technology. The use of MAS methods to encapsulate the genetic composition of individual resistance allows the aggregation of multiple favorable genes from different sources in one cultivar [47] . At present, we designed functional markers for the functional variation sites of 7 genes: Wx, ALK, GS3, GL7/GW7, GS5, Chalk5 and fgr, and examined the genotypes of 38 rice materials.…”

Nanomaterials Induced Genotoxicity in Plant: Methods and Strategies

“…Not only electrophoresis-based methods and chromosomal aberration analyses are utilized to detect potential genotoxic effects. Molecular markers can be also implemented as tools to detect the ENMs effect on genetic materials [ 38 ]. Molecular markers are defined as fragments or amplicons of DNA associated with a certain location within the genome.…”

“…Kokina et al [ 47 ] studied the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs, 0–4 mg L −1 ) on Medicago falcata L. The utilization, in this case, of the RAPD technique highlighted the genotoxic effect of Fe 3 O 4 NPs, which induced genomic DNA modifications. This type of PCR-based molecular marker for its randomic amplification nature may be subject to experimental or technical variability, and thus requires procedures of validation [ 38 , 39 ]. Several other type of molecular markers and biomarkers can be utilized as more reliable tools to assess genomic variations, either at the level of genomic DNA (gDNA) and plastid and mitochondrial DNA (ptDNA, mtDNA).…”

Genome-wide SNP and InDel analysis of three Philippine mango species inferred from whole-genome sequencing

“…Both varieties are of the same species (M. indica) and are important varieties in the mango international trade. With the availability of WGS data, in-depth genome analysis can be performed to unravel gene networks, reveal intron-exon boundaries, detect transposable elements, discover novel biological processes, develop molecular markers tagging economically important traits for breeding (e.g., insect pest and disease resistance), and identify genome-wide variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertionsdeletions (InDels) [10][11][12][13][14]. SNPs and InDels are differences and variations in the genome which can have a huge impact on the biological and physical traits of an organism.…”