Recent advancements in LC‐MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges

Panda, Debabrata; Dash, Bisnu Prasad; Manickam, Sivakumar; Boczkaj, Grzegorz

doi:10.1002/mas.21689

“…Moreover, despite the structural diversity of cyanotoxins, LC-MS allows for determining groups of toxins simultaneously. That is one extra advantage of using this detection technique integrated with bioassays and molecular assays in complex environmental samples for complete water quality assessment [165,166]. As separation instruments, HPLC and UHPLC are usually used.…”

Section: Data Gaps In Cyanotoxins Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nugumanova¹,

Ponomarev²,

Askarova³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. One of the implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids leading to mistranslation and protein misfolding. A better understanding of the interaction between the cyanopeptide metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent pathogenic response.

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“…Moreover, despite the structural diversity of cyanotoxins, LC-MS allows for determining groups of toxins simultaneously. That is one extra advantage of using this detection technique integrated with bioassays and molecular assays in complex environmental samples for complete water quality assessment [ 183 , 184 ].…”

Section: Cyanobacterial Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nugumanova

¹

,

Ponomarev

²

,

Askarova

³

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to the neurotoxicity of cyanobacteria compounds include (1) blocking of key proteins and channels; (2) inhibition of essential enzymes in mammalian cells such as protein phosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatases as well as new molecular targets such as toll-like receptors 4 and 8. One of the widely discussed implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids. Recent research provides evidence that non-proteinogenic amino acid BMAA produced by cyanobacteria have multiple effects on translation process and bypasses the proof-reading ability of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase. Aberrant proteins generated by non-canonical translation may be a factor in neuronal death and neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that the production of cyanopeptides and non-canonical amino acids is a more general mechanism, leading to mistranslation, affecting protein homeostasis, and targeting mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It can be evolutionarily ancient and initially developed to control phytoplankton communities during algal blooms. Outcompeting gut symbiotic microorganisms may lead to dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, a shift in blood-brain-barrier functionality, and eventually, mitochondrial dysfunction in high-energy demanding neurons. A better understanding of the interaction between cyanopeptides metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…The original QuEChERS method was designed for pesticide analysis in fruits and vegetables. Later, it was extended to extract different compounds from several matrices (Panda, Dash, Manickam, & Boczkaj, 2021). The first step of the QuEChERS procedure is a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid extraction.…”

Section: Optimization Of Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%