Recent advancements in forward osmosis desalination: A review

Akther, Nawshad; Sodiq, Ahmed; Giwa, Adewale; Daer, Sahar; Arafat, Hassan A.; Hasan, Shadi W.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.080

Cited by 400 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…The active layer of the FO membrane was oriented toward the feed to reduce fouling and achieve a lower reverse solute flux (RSF) [6,19]. Plastic meshes were installed outside the draw chamber to provide mechanical support while preventing potential membrane swelling (Fig.…”

Section: Submerged Fo System Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forward osmosis (FO) has been studied as a low energy desalination process and can be applied to extract high-quality water from treated wastewater [4,5]. Unlike pressure-driven processes such as reverse osmosis (RO), FO is driven by the osmotic pressure difference between a draw solution and a feed solution separated by a semipermeable membrane and as a result, water moves from the feed solution into the draw solution [6,7]. FO could be more cost-effective in direct fertigation and production of reusable water because of no hydraulic pressure and low fouling tendency [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy consumption of water recovery from wastewater in a submerged forward osmosis system using commercial liquid fertilizer as a draw solute

Xiang

Zou

2017

Separation and Purification Technology

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a b s t r a c tUsing liquid fertilizer as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) to extract high-quality water from wastewater is of strong interest because it eliminates the need for regenerating draw solute, thereby requiring less energy input to system operation. However, energy consumption of such an approach has not been evaluated before. Herein, a submerged FO system with all-purpose liquid fertilizer as a draw solute was studied for energy consumption of water recovery from either deionized (DI) water or domestic wastewater. The results showed that a higher draw concentration led to higher water flux and lower energy consumption, for example 0.25 ± 0.08 kW h m À3 with 100% draw concentration, but reverse salt flux (RSF) was also more serious. Decreasing the recirculation flow rate from 100 to 25 mL min À1 had a minor effect on water flux, but significantly reduced energy consumption from 1.30 ± 0.28 to 0.09 ± 0.02 kW h m À3 . When extracting water from the secondary effluent, the FO system exhibited comparable performance of water flux and energy consumption to that of the DI water. However, the primary effluent resulted in obvious fouling of the FO membrane and higher energy consumption than that of the secondary effluent/DI water. This study has provided important implications to proper evaluation of energy consumption by the FO system using liquid fertilizer or other non-regenerating draw solutes.

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Section: Submerged Fo System Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy consumption of water recovery from wastewater in a submerged forward osmosis system using commercial liquid fertilizer as a draw solute

Xiang

Zou

2017

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…The osmotic pressure (π) of a dilute solution can be expressed using the Van't Hoff equation: [45] iMRT   (4) where π is the osmotic pressure (atm), i is the Van ), and T is the absolute temperature (K). The real osmotic pressure of a solution associates with the ionic or molecular numbers in the solution.…”

Section: Draw Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] To mitigate this problem, various technologies for clean water production have been explored worldwide recently. [5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10,13,17,23,27] FO has been recognized as a promising membrane process because of the following characteristics: (1) no requirement of hydraulic pressure; (2) a relatively high water recovery rate; (3) low membrane fouling propensity due to the absence of hydraulic pressure; (4) environmental friendliness. Given these merits, FO technology has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as seawater/brackish water desalination, [4,24,28] wastewater treatment, [8,[29][30][31] and many other areas. [32][33][34][35][36] Although FO exhibits a great potential in alleviating the issues caused by freshwater shortage, challenges, such as relatively low water permeability, high reverse solute diffusion, severe concentration polarization (CP), and membrane fouling, are still present in FO applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Ge³

2017

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Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated and demonstrated its advantages in a range of FO applications over the past decade. However, challenges still remain in terms of the lack of both efficient FO membranes and appropriate draw solutes for practical FO applications. To promote the advancement of FO technology, considerable efforts have been made in exploring novel FO membranes and draw solutes in recent years. This paper will provide a short review on the progress of both FO membranes and draw solutes. First of all, a brief overview on FO principle is given. Then the progress in FO technology related to FO membrane and draw solute is presented with specific examples. Finally, challenges and future directions of FO technology in exploring efficient FO membranes and promising draw solutes are also highlighted. This article may provide new insights into the future development of FO technology and promote practical FO applications.Keywords forward osmosis, draw solution, forward osmosis membrane, forward osmosis application IntroductionFreshwater shortage has been becoming a more and more severe problem globally. [1][2][3][4] To mitigate this problem, various technologies for clean water production have been explored worldwide recently. [5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost. [5,[10][11][12] A range of pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), [13][14][15][16] ultrafiltration (UF), [13,17,18] nanofiltration (NF), [19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [22][23][24][25][26] have been extensively used for clean water production through either wastewater reuse or brackish water/ seawater desalination. However, some issues, such as severe membrane fouling, low water recovery rate, intensive-energy consumption and relatively low quality of product water, occur frequently during these processes. [10,13,17,23,27] FO has been recognized as a promising membrane process because of the following characteristics: (1) no requirement of hydraulic pressure; (2) a relatively high water recovery rate; (3) low membrane fouling propensity due to the absence of hydraulic pressure; (4) environmental friendliness. Given these merits, FO technology has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as seawater/brackish water desalination, [4,24,28] wastewater treatment, [8,[29][30][31] and many other areas. [32][33][34][35][36] Although FO exhibits a great potential in alleviating the issues caused by freshwater shortage, challenges, such as relatively low water permeability, high reverse solute diffusion, severe concentration polarization (CP), and membrane fouling, are still present in FO applications. [37][38][39] To eliminate these problems, exploration of appropriate semi-permeable FO membrane and draw solute is urgently needed. Great efforts have been made in the development of FO technology in recent years, and a wide range of powerful FO membra...

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