Recent Advancements and Developments in the Biological Importance of Pyrimido[4,5‐b]Quinoline Scaffolds

Abstract

This study highlights the biological efficiency of pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines as inhibitors of cancer cell growth and antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory properties, etc. Recent research studies have revealed their promising biological activity to inhibit the growth of many disease‐causing yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. The structural composition greatly affects the biological effectiveness, as these compounds exceed the value of some standard compounds against pathogenic microbes. The antioxidant potential of these derivatives is also explored. Several glycosylated and non‐glycosylated derivatives exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity and protected against DNA damage, exceeding reference standards in some cases. Furthermore, the review examines the anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties of pyrimidoquinoline derivatives. Studies suggest their efficacy is comparable to known drugs like diclofenac and aspirin in carrageenan‐induced paw edema and hot plate tests. Pyrimidoquinoline derivatives also demonstrate promising anticancer activity. While some have minimal effects, others exhibit notable activity against various human cancer cell lines. This review documents over two decades of research, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. Overall, pyrimidoquinoline derivatives signify an auspicious class of compounds with therapeutic potential across various areas. Further research is necessary to elucidate their mechanisms of action, optimize their efficacy and selectivity, and assess their safety profiles for clinical development.