“…The distribution pattern of A. astaci genotype groups, as identified by RAPD analysis of axenic cultures or by other DNAbased methods from clinical samples, is uneven across Europe (see map in Ungureanu et al, 2020). Group A, presumably the first to have been introduced there in the 19th century (Huang et al, 1994), has been frequently detected in Fennoscandia and also caused recent mortalities in Czechia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Central Italy (Caprioli et al, 2013(Caprioli et al, , 2018Viljamaa-Dirks et al, 2013;Kozubíková-Balcarová et al, 2014;Vrålstad et al, 2014;Maguire et al, 2016;Mrugała et al, 2017b). Other genotype groups, which have been associated with American crayfish host taxa introduced to Europe in the late 19th and 20th centuries, follow to some extent their distribution across the continent (Kouba et al, 2014).…”