Receiver–Coil Location Detection in a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging

Simonazzi, Mattia; Sandrolini, Leonardo; Mariscotti, Andrea

doi:10.3390/s22062317

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It must be noticed that, in case of dynamic charging, the receiver moves over the array and the mutual inductance

M_{r, i}

is subject to vary according to the receiver position 25 . However, for a sufficiently high operating frequency, the motional electromotive force (emf) due to the receiver movement can be considered negligible with respect to the transformer emf, as discussed in Simonazzi et al 26 Consequently, dynamic charging can then be studied with the same methodology applied to static charging. During the movement the receiver can be coupled to two array resonators at a time; however, being the prominent positions those corresponding to a perfect alignment of the receiver with the array resonators, 25 the following analysis considers aligned positions of the receiver only.…”

Section: Resonator Array For Iptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical expressions of the transmission matrix parameters of the two‐port network are derived and validated both numerically and experimentally. The results obtained with the proposed approach are discussed with reference to the theory of resonator arrays 12,25,26 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained with the proposed approach are discussed with reference to the theory of resonator arrays. 12,25,26 The manuscript is organized as follows: In Section 2, the array of resonators is described and its impedance matrix is defined; in Section 3, the methodology for the extraction of the equivalent circuit parameters is proposed. In Section 4, the results of numerical simulations are reported and discussed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Two‐port network compact representation of resonator arrays for wireless power transfer with variable receiver position

Sandrolini

Simonazzi

Barmada

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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This paper presents an equivalent circuit characterization of an array of resonators for wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. These apparatuses are composed of magnetically coupled resonant coils acting as a transmitter which feeds a receiver coil that can be placed over them at any position, allowing the tolerance of the system to the receiver misalignment to be dramatically enhanced. This advantage makes resonator arrays a suitable solution for both low-and high-power applications. The latter usually involve battery charging, with the resonator array acting as a transformer stage, ensuring galvanic isolation. An equivalent two-port network can be defined for any receiver position, allowing the array to be treated as a traditional transformer. Thereby, the simulation of the system can be simplified, as it is required in the design steps of a converter and control strategy. Analytical expressions of the two-port network parameters are proposed for arrays of any size and length. The formulas have been numerically and experimentally validated.battery charging, circuit modeling, inductive power transfer, resonator array, transformer, wireless power transfer | INTRODUCTIONIn the last decade, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have become a convenient and reliable solution in many applications, ranging from powering portable electronic devices to automatic machines and electric vehicle (EV) charging. [1][2][3] These apparatuses offer many advantages, as the ability of operating in difficult environments or the possibility to transfer power to moving loads. The size and weight of high-power batteries can be reduced by more frequent charging, which can be dramatically eased by wireless chargers. Several different technologies have been proposed in literature for both stationary and dynamic charging. [4][5][6] For high-power transfer, among near-field WPT technologies, inductive power transfer (IPT) is largely employed. One of its major limits is the misalignment between the transmitter and receiver apparatuses, which dramatically affects the efficiency and the transferred power. In order to improve the tolerance to the misalignment, arrays of magnetically coupled resonating L-C circuits (also referred as relay coils) can be used, which represent a very cheap solution since only few passive electronic components are required. [7][8][9][10][11] In these systems, the power travels from the source to the load through the relay coils at the expense of an increased sensitivity to the mismatch between the input and output side impedances, 12,13 which reflects also on the magnetic near-field distribution. 14 Solutions to this problem have been proposed in Sandoval et al, 15,16 making arrays of

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“…It must be noticed that, in case of dynamic charging, the receiver moves over the array and the mutual inductance

M_{r, i}

Section: Resonator Array For Iptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐port network compact representation of resonator arrays for wireless power transfer with variable receiver position

Sandrolini

Simonazzi

Barmada

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…The released standards (e.g., SAE J2954, IEC TS 61980-3:2019) facilitate faster adoption of WPT technology in e-transport infrastructure [ 4 , 9 ]. Stationary and dynamic wireless EV charging brings a lot of benefits [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], is a promising technology for conventional grid-connected solutions, and is an essential part of Future Sustainable Roads for Electric Mobility, combining energy harvesting and other modern technologies [ 13 , 14 ]. As we approach the end of the period of subsidizing electrical energy for EV charging, the issue of fair billing in both contact and wireless charging systems is getting more attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Measurement Method of Power Transferred to an Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Charging

Nakutis,

Lukočius,

Girdenis

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The increasing number of zero-emission vehicles on the roads demands novel vehicle charging solutions that ensure convenience, safety, increased charging infrastructure availability, and aesthetics. Wireless charging technology is seen as the one that could assure these desirable properties and could be applied not just in conventional implementations but also in off-grid solutions together with roadway energy harvesting systems. Both approaches require proper transfer of energy metering methods. In this paper, a method for measuring the power transferred to the load in a wireless charging system is presented, and its systematic error is assessed in the relevant range of influencing factors. The novelty of the method is that it does not require any metrologically certified measurement instrumentation on the receiver side of the wireless charging system. The error analysis is performed using a numerical simulation. Considered error-influencing factors included secondary side electrical load, coils’ coupling coefficient and quality factor, current and voltage quantization resolution, and compensation topology type (serial-serial (SS) and serial-parallel (SP)). It was determined that the systematic error of the power assessment does not exceed 0.7% for SS and 1.1% for SP topologies when the coupling coefficient is in the range of 0.05 to 0.4 and the quality factor of the resonant system is in the range of 100 to 800.

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“…Electric vehicle (EV) charging is probably the most significant example that is taking prominence for the ever increasing number of EVs and provided charging performance: fast charging is a first exemplification [8], whereas wireless power transfer (WPT) features both large power levels and high dynamic conditions. A WPT lane would transiently absorb power to charge upcoming vehicles, with a multitude of converters to accommodate for EV distribution along the lane, possibly arranged in an array of coils [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supraharmonic Emissions from DC Grid Connected Wireless Power Transfer Converters

2022

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Power converters for wireless power transfer (WPT) and, in general, for electrical vehicle charging are evolving in terms of nominal power and performance, bringing along non negligible emissions in the supraharmonic range (2 kHz to 150 kHz). The large installed power and the high concentration with a relatively short separation distance can be addressed by feeding the converters through a DC grid for better dynamic response and lower impedance. The prediction of conducted emissions in real supply conditions requires carrying out measurements with low impedance values, lower than those available in line impedance stabilization networks (LISNs) for AC grids. This work proposes an approach to extrapolate converter emissions in an ideal 0 Ω condition, that together with the input impedance curve (determined by a least mean square approach) form a Norton equivalent circuit of the converter. The interaction of the converters with the DC grid and superposition of emissions can be then thoroughly evaluated by means of a general ladder grid scheme to which the Norton equivalents are connected. Such a grid model is suitable for Monte Carlo simulation aimed at assessing the degree of compensation between sources of emissions and the overall network distortion. Results using a Simulink model are provided considering emissions aggregation and compensation under random phase conditions for the following cases: close-by and separated sources (5 m and 100 m cable separation, respectively); increased number of sources studying scenarios with 3 and 10 sources; and using different resolution bandwidth values (200 Hz and 500 Hz) against a random change of the frequency of the emission components.

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Receiver–Coil Location Detection in a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Two‐port network compact representation of resonator arrays for wireless power transfer with variable receiver position

Two‐port network compact representation of resonator arrays for wireless power transfer with variable receiver position

A Measurement Method of Power Transferred to an Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Charging

Supraharmonic Emissions from DC Grid Connected Wireless Power Transfer Converters

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