Recarbonizing global soils – A technical manual of recommended management practices

Khalil, M.I.; Cordovil, C.M.d.S.; Francaviglia, Rosa; Henry, Beverley; Klumpp, Katja; Koncz, P.; Llorente, Mireia; Madari, B. E.; Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam; Rainer, N.

doi:10.4060/cb6598en

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Agricultural problems are addressed through research and policies linked to management practices. FAO recommends reducing tillage and using organic fertilizers to mitigate climate change through soil carbon sequestration but does not state clearly the types of crops that might promote this function (FAO & ITPS, 2021). Even for optimizing yields, more attention is paid to management than to crop traits (Rizzo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Cropl Ands and Crop Phenot Ype Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic evolution of agricultural crops

Milla

2023

Functional Ecology

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1. Food crops are a vital source of nutrition for humans and domestic animals, with an estimated 4 billion metric tons of food produced per year. Crops do not only provide yields, but their traits also play a significant role in regulating the ecosystem processes of croplands, affecting local biotas, water balance, nutrient and carbon cycling. Domestication has led to significant changes in crop traits, making it important to understand the recent evolution of crops and how they differ from wild plants.2. In this paper I review the evidence on how the ecological traits of herbaceous crops have evolved during and after domestication. Loss of seed dispersal mechanisms, increased plant and organ sizes, high rates of consumption by herbivores and fast decomposition of residues by decomposer microbes in the soil, all have evolved independently in domestication processes of different crops.3. I also point out types of traits for which we have not identified common responses to domestication, be it because domestication processes of the different crop species are disparate, or because of lack of strong evidence. Those traits include resource acquisition rates of leaves and roots, and whole-plant growth rates.Then, I discuss research gaps in the field, including how to advance knowledge for those traits that show apparently idiosyncratic responses to domestication. 4. Finally, I emphasize the importance of understanding the interactions of crops with other organisms and the environment to breed crops that deliver yield and other services required from croplands. To this end, I introduce an ideotype for sustainable agriculture, which might inspire the breeding of multipurpose herbaceous crops, in the same way than the ideotypes of the Green Revolution inspired the breeding of elite varieties to foster yields under conventional agriculture.

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Section: Cropl Ands and Crop Phenot Ype Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic evolution of agricultural crops

Milla

2023

Functional Ecology

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“…However, it is also known that irrigation can also increase GHG emissions compared to rainfed management, especially of those GHG associated with soil (12,13). For Virto et al (14), the net effect on C balance may be modulated not only by soil characteristics but also by soil management, since different agricultural strategies on irrigated systems can had different potential to sequester SOC and/or reduce GHG emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Carbon Storage and Dynamics as Affected by the Adoption of Irrigation in a Cultivated Calcareous Mediterranean Soil

et al. 2022

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Irrigation is in the spotlight of land-use planning in semi-arid and sub-humid regions. It can be a promising practice to promote soil organic C storage (SOC), although it may also involve an increase in soil GHG emissions. Assessing the impact of its adoption on SOC storage is crucial to better understand its potential role in terms of agricultural sustainability and climate policies. In this study, we measured and modeled the changes in soil organic C storage and dynamics in the tilled soil layer (0–30 cm) of an experimental field on a calcareous soil with two different crops (maize, a C4 plant, and wheat, a C3 plant), cultivated with and without irrigation for 7 years. We hypothesized that changes in SOC storage occur when introducing irrigation and/or different crops in an agrosystem, and that they would be related to changes in the incorporation of crop residues, their partitioning between the labile and the stable fraction, and C losses by mineralization. Our results validated theses hypotheses only partially. Over the 7-year study period, irrigation significantly increased total (TOC) and sand-size (50–2,000 μm) particulate organic C (POC50−2,000) stocks in the tilled layer (0–30 cm): +7.1% TOC and +12.1% POC50−2,000 for maize, and +7.0 and +12.3% for wheat. A parallel two-pool SOC model based on TOC and POC50−2,000 fractions and the C3-C4 plant shift allowed understanding that the observed changes in SOC storage were most likely related to an increase in C inputs from crop residues, and to a more efficient incorporation of these residues with irrigation. The mean residence time of SOC in the two modeled pools did not allow to support our hypothesis of changes in SOC mineralization with irrigation. The limitations of SOC fractionation, which implied that some labile fractions might have been lost from POC50−2,000 and recovered in the fraction identified as slow-turning, together with the interaction of the carbonate-rich mineral phase of this soil can explain at least partially this observation. We conclude that irrigation can contribute to effectively increase SOC storage in the mid-term, but its effect might be dependent upon the type of crops and soil.

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“…Sobre este tema existen algunas experiencias previas, que plantean que gran parte del proceso depende del manejo de las parcelas y del tipo de cultivo que se emplee (Flores-Sánchez, Pérez VELÁZQUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ET AL. FORMACIÓN DE SUELOS A PARTIR DE TEPETATES y Navarro, 2004;Prat et al, 2015;Báez-Pérez et al, 2021). Por otra parte, algunos autores han analizado, en forma empírica, la distribución del C por tamaño de agregados y sus masas, para def inir los patrones y asociar el concepto de estabilidad estructural al contenido de C en los agregados (Paz, Hidalgo, Etchevers y Fuentes, 2012;Fuentes, Hidalgo, Paz y Etchevers, 2012;Báez-Pérez, Paz, Etchevers y Hidalgo, 2012;Velázquez-Rodríguez, Paz, Hidalgo y Etchevers, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Formación de suelos a partir de tepetates: unidades estructurales, carbono orgánico y estabilidad estructural

et al. 2022

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La formación de suelos a partir de capas endurecidas de origen volcánico -tepetates- roturadas, depende del sistema de manejo que se utiliza para su habilitación a un uso agrícola o pecuario, por lo que el desarrollo de modelos que permitan entender la transformación de las unidades estructurales, de fragmentos a agregados, reviste gran importancia. Desde esta perspectiva, en el presente trabajo se propone y justifica el uso de un modelo de cinética de orden n, para modelar la distribución de la masa y carbono orgánico en las unidades estructurales de tepetates bajo cultivo y predecir su evolución hacia la formación de suelo. La validación del modelo y las relaciones propuestas, se realizaron a partir de la comparación de la dinámica de estructuración en tepetate, con diferentes casos de estudio, que incluyen sustratos con características diferentes, como suelos, suelos degradados y marga. Los resultados de la modelación fueron altamente favorables (R2 > 0.98). La evolución temporal del agente cementante en los sustratos -el carbono orgánico-así como la estabilidad estructural, de acuerdo con el modelo propuesto definen patrones que se asocian directamente la evolución de la formación de suelo con el nivel de agregación. En experimentos de corto plazo (≤ 2 años), los análisis destacan la participación de otros agentes, además del carbono orgánico, que controlan los mecanismos de agregación, por lo que se planteó una extensión del modelo propuesto, para considerar este escenario.

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Recarbonizing global soils – A technical manual of recommended management practices

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Phenotypic evolution of agricultural crops

Phenotypic evolution of agricultural crops

Organic Carbon Storage and Dynamics as Affected by the Adoption of Irrigation in a Cultivated Calcareous Mediterranean Soil

Formación de suelos a partir de tepetates: unidades estructurales, carbono orgánico y estabilidad estructural

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