Rebuilding of the Earth's outer electron belt during 8–10 October 2012

Kress, Brian; Hudson, M. K.; Paral, J.

doi:10.1002/2013gl058588

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…6. These fields can also be used in studies of longer-timescale behavior such as plasma sheet transport and adiabatic acceleration Kress et al, 2014) as well as radial diffusive acceleration over storm timescales (Elkington et al, 2002(Elkington et al, , 2004Fei et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2010;Hudson et al, 2012). Figure B1 shows a shock impulse arrival measured by two ground-based magnetometers from the Canadian magnetometer array CARISMA on 8 October 2013.…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The losses at low L due to high-frequency waves (EMIC and whistler) which produce scattering into the atmosphere were not included in the analysis because the MHD model was used to provide the fields. The long pe- Kress et al (2014), providing both an anisotropic population of electrons which generate chorus waves on the dawn side of the magnetosphere and a population of hundreds of keV electrons inside geosynchronous orbit which may be heated locally by the chorus to MeV energies . Figure 1 presents ULF wave activity during the 8 October 2012 event.…”

Section: October 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of three Van Allen Probes storms in 2012 and 2013

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Coronal mass ejection (CME)-shock compression of the dayside magnetopause has been observed to cause both prompt enhancement of radiation belt electron flux due to inward radial transport of electrons conserving their first adiabatic invariant and prompt losses which at times entirely eliminate the outer zone. Recent numerical studies suggest that enhanced ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave activity is necessary to explain electron losses deeper inside the magnetosphere than magnetopause incursion following CME-shock arrival. A combination of radial transport and magnetopause shadowing can account for losses observed at radial distances into L = 4.5, well within the computed magnetopause location. We compare ULF wave power from the Electric Field and Waves (EFW) electric field instrument on the Van Allen Probes for the 8 October 2013 storm with ULF wave power simulated using the Lyon-FedderMobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) magnetospheric simulation code coupled to the Rice Convection Model (RCM). Two other storms with strong magnetopause compression, 8-9 October 2012 and 17-18 March 2013, are also examined. We show that the global MHD model captures the azimuthal magnetosonic impulse propagation speed and amplitude observed by the Van Allen Probes which is responsible for prompt acceleration at MeV energies reported for the 8 October 2013 storm. The simulation also captures the ULF wave power in the azimuthal component of the electric field, responsible for acceleration and radial transport of electrons, at frequencies comparable to the electron drift period. This electric field impulse has been shown to explain observations in related studies (Foster et al., 2015) of electron acceleration and drift phase bunching by the Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite (ECT) instrument on the Van Allen Probes.

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Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: October 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of three Van Allen Probes storms in 2012 and 2013

et al. 2015

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“…Previous studies have shown that injected MeV electrons were detected at the geosynchronous orbit [Birn et al, 1998;Ganushkina et al, 2013;Kress et al, 2014;Dai et al, 2014]. Dai et al [2015] showed that the injected MeV electrons could be detected at L = 4.8.…”

Section: Prompt Enhancement Of the Outer Radiation Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections

et al. 2016

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We present multipoint simultaneous observations of the near‐Earth magnetotail and outer radiation belt during the substorm electron injection event on 16 August 2013. Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms A in the near‐Earth magnetotail observed flux‐enhanced electrons of 300 keV during the magnetic field dipolarization. Geosynchronous orbit satellites also observed the intensive electron injections. Located in the outer radiation belt, RBSP‐A observed enhancements of MeV electrons accompanied by substorm dipolarization. The phase space density (PSD) of MeV electrons at L*~5.4 increased by 1 order of magnitude in 1 h, resulting in a local PSD peak of MeV electrons, which was caused by the direct effect of substorm injections. Enhanced MeV electrons in the heart of the outer radiation belt were also detected within 2 h, which may be associated with intensive substorm electron injections and subsequent local acceleration by chorus waves. Multipoint observations have shown that substorm electron injections not only can be the external source of MeV electrons at the outer edge of the outer radiation belt (L*~5.4) but also can provide the intensive seed populations in the outer radiation belt. These initial higher‐energy electrons from injection can reach relativistic energy much faster. The observations also provide evidence that enhanced substorm electron injections can explain rapid enhancements of MeV electrons in the outer radiation belt.

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“…The 8–9 October 2012 storm can be described as having three phases: (1) prompt loss associated with inward motion of the magnetopause, evident in Figure , which was produced by following electron guiding center trajectories in 3‐D in electric and magnetic fields calculated using the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global MHD code coupled with the Rice Convection Model and L1 solar wind input from OMNIWeb (ACE and Wind) [ Hudson et al, ]; (2) plasma sheet electron injection modeled with MHD test particle simulations, showing that the recovery of ~1 MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit from the initial flux dropout is mainly due to enhanced global convection and dipolarizations during the ~14 h period of strongly southward IMF B z on 8 October [ Kress et al , ]; and (3) local acceleration and increased phase space density at L ~4.5–5 on 9 October [ Reeves et al, ; Thorne et al, ]. The latter strong enhancement rebuilds from the dropout seen in Figure that began with the preceding 30 September CME‐shock‐driven storm (see Baker et al [] for a close‐up of this time interval seen in the highest energy electron data from the REPT instrument).…”

Section: Summary Of Observations and Simulations For Three Cme‐shock‐mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kress et al . [] included plasma sheet electron injection in MHD test particle simulations of the 8–9 October 2012 storm, showing that the recovery of ~1 MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit from the initial flux dropout caused by CME‐shock compression of the dayside magnetopause is mainly due to enhanced global convection and dipolarizations during this period of strongly southward IMF B z .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling CME‐shock‐driven storms in 2012–2013: MHD test particle simulations

et al. 2015

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The Van Allen Probes spacecraft have provided detailed observations of the energetic particles and fields environment for coronal mass ejection (CME)‐shock‐driven storms in 2012 to 2013 which have now been modeled with MHD test particle simulations. The Van Allen Probes orbital plane longitude moved from the dawn sector in 2012 to near midnight and prenoon for equinoctial storms of 2013, providing particularly good measurements of the inductive electric field response to magnetopause compression for the 8 October 2013 CME‐shock‐driven storm. An abrupt decrease in the outer boundary of outer zone electrons coincided with inward motion of the magnetopause for both 17 March and 8 October 2013 storms, as was the case for storms shortly after launch. Modeling magnetopause dropout events in 2013 with electric field diagnostics that were not available for storms immediately following launch have improved our understanding of the complex role that ULF waves play in radial transport during such events.

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Rebuilding of the Earth's outer electron belt during 8–10 October 2012

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of three Van Allen Probes storms in 2012 and 2013

Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of three Van Allen Probes storms in 2012 and 2013

Prompt enhancement of the Earth's outer radiation belt due to substorm electron injections

Modeling CME‐shock‐driven storms in 2012–2013: MHD test particle simulations

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