“…Over the past fifteen years, party building efforts have been made to increase and strengthen the party's presence across Chinese society (Li, 2019; McGregor, 2010; Shambaugh, 2008; Thornton, 2012, and her article in this special issue). Xi Jinping has further accelerated this process, increasing the direct political and administrative role of the party, strengthening its presence and grip on government, the army, the judicial system, civil society, and business (Economy, 2018; Grünberg and Drinhausen, 2019; Koss, 2021b; Leutert and Eaton, 2021; Lin and Milhaupt, 2021; McGregor, 2019; Mittelstaedt, 2021; Pieke, 2018; Yan and Huang, 2017).…”