Reassortants of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and establishment of a novel porcine H1N2 influenza virus, lineage in Germany

Lange, Jeannette; Groth, Marco; Schlegel, Michael; Krumbholz, Andi; Wieczorek, Kerstin; Ulrich, Roswitha; Köppen, Simone; Schulz, Kirk H.; Appl, Dorit; Selbitz, Hans-Joachim; Sauerbrei, Andreas; Platzer, Matthias; Zell, Roland; Dürrwald, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.024

Cited by 47 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is consistent with our earlier work (2,16,17), reports from other regions (38,39), and experimental coinfections of pigs with EA and TR viruses (40). At its emergence, the HA of pdm/09 virus was suggested to have been optimally adapted to humans, maintaining its receptor binding avidity via compensatory substitutions (41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Phenotypic differences and a heightened variability of the virus in infected swine suggested insufficient adaptation to pigs (5). This has led to the proposition that the virus might have emerged in humans (39,42) or that it may have been generated as a part of vaccine production (43). The weight of the evidence from this and other studies questions the plausibility of the pdm/09 virus having originated naturally in pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Expansion of Genotypic Diversity and Establishment of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic-Origin Internal Genes in Pigs in China

Liang

Lam

Fan

et al. 2014

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCEShortly after the emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdm/09) influenza virus, it was transmitted from humans to pigs and this continues to occur around the world. Many reassortants between pdm/09-origin viruses and enzootic swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have been detected. However, the long-term impact of pdm/09-origin viruses on the SIV gene pool, which could lead to the generation of influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans, has not been systematically examined. From extensive surveillance of SIVs over a 38-month period in southern China, it was found that although neither complete pdm/09 viruses nor their surface genes could persist in pigs, their internal genes did persist. Over the survey period, these internal genes became predominant, potentially replacing those of the enzootic SIV lineages. The altered diversity of the SIV gene pool needs to be closely monitored for changes in the potential for SIV transmission to humans.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Expansion of Genotypic Diversity and Establishment of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic-Origin Internal Genes in Pigs in China

Liang

Lam

Fan

et al. 2014

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, given our findings, and observations of new reassortant strains elsewhere in Europe47, 48, there should be no assumption that reassortment with possible zoonotic risk could not also occur in industrialised settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Increased risk of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection in UK pig industry workers compared to a general population cohort

Fragaszy

Ishola

Brown

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPigs are mixing vessels for influenza viral reassortment, but the extent of influenza transmission between swine and humans is not well understood.ObjectivesTo assess whether occupational exposure to pigs is a risk factor for human infection with human and swine‐adapted influenza viruses.Methods UK pig industry workers were frequency‐matched on age, region, sampling month, and gender with a community‐based comparison group from the Flu Watch study. HI assays quantified antibodies for swine and human A(H1) and A(H3) influenza viruses (titres ≥ 40 considered seropositive and indicative of infection). Virus‐specific associations between seropositivity and occupational pig exposure were examined using multivariable regression models adjusted for vaccination. Pigs on the same farms were also tested for seropositivity.ResultsForty‐two percent of pigs were seropositive to A(H1N1)pdm09. Pig industry workers showed evidence of increased odds of A(H1N1)pdm09 seropositivity compared to the comparison group, albeit with wide confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted odds ratio after accounting for possible cross‐reactivity with other swine A(H1) viruses (aOR) 25·3, 95% CI (1·4–536·3), P = 0·028.ConclusionThe results indicate that A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was common in UK pigs during the pandemic and subsequent period of human A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation, and occupational exposure to pigs was a risk factor for human infection. Influenza immunisation of pig industry workers may reduce transmission and the potential for virus reassortment.

show abstract

“…The M gene of the 2009/H1N1 virus plays an important role in its transmissibility [29,30], and both the PA and NS genes of 2009/H1N1 virus can make an H5N1 influenza virus highly transmissible by respiratory droplet in guinea pigs [26]. H3N2, H1N1, and H1N2 influenza viruses bearing different genes from the 2009/H1N1 virus have been detected in pigs in many countries since 2009 [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], and it would be of value to fully evaluate the biologic properties of these viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel triple reassortant H1N2 influenza viruses bearing six internal genes of the pandemic 2009/H1N1 influenza virus were detected in pigs in China

Qiao¹,

Liu²,

Yang³

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reassortants of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and establishment of a novel porcine H1N2 influenza virus, lineage in Germany

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Expansion of Genotypic Diversity and Establishment of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic-Origin Internal Genes in Pigs in China

Expansion of Genotypic Diversity and Establishment of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic-Origin Internal Genes in Pigs in China

Increased risk of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection in UK pig industry workers compared to a general population cohort

Novel triple reassortant H1N2 influenza viruses bearing six internal genes of the pandemic 2009/H1N1 influenza virus were detected in pigs in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About